Glossary
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T þ U V W X Y Z
This version of the glossary is simply a compilation of all the words we have introduced in this grammar. The words have not yet been lemmatized, so they are given in the form in which they were first introduced in a practice sentence or translation exercise. The next version of King Alfred's Grammar will include a fully lemmatized glossary.
Verbs are alphabetized under their root form with any "ge" prefix given in parentheses.
Legend: adj = adjective adv = adverb conj = conjunction n = noun prn = pronoun prep = preposition v = verb |
A
a: adv; always
ac: conj; but
Ælfrede: n; Alfred (proper noun, dative)
ænig: adj; any
ætgædere: adv; together
afyrhte: adj; frightened
agan: v; to possess
ahebban: v; to lift, raise, exalt
an: adj; one
and: conj; and
Andree: n; Andrew (Latin)
apostoles: n; apostol (genitive)
arærde: v; erected (past 3rd person singular of aræran)
are: n; honor (dative)
astah: v; ascended (past 1st and 3rd person singular of astigan)
aþas: n; oaths (accusative)
be: prep; by, on, along
becumað: v; happen, befall (present 3rd person plural of becuman)
becuman: v; to come, arrive
behindan: prep; behind
beorhtnys: n; brightness (strong, feminine)
berypð: v; plunders (present 3rd person singular of berypan)
(ge)bete: v; repented (past 1st and 3rd singular of (ge)betan)
bisceop: n; bishop (nominative)
bite v; bitan
blodgyte: n; bloodshed (strong, masculine)
blostma: n; flower
boc: n; book
bodade: v; proclaimed (weak, 1st conjugation)
bodian: v; to proclaim
bradost: adj; broadest
broðor: n; brother
bryne: n; fire, burning (strong, masculine)
bryttigean: v; to share (infinitive )
burhware: n; citizenry (accusative of burhwaru)
byne: adj; cultivated
byrne: n; byrnie, coat of mail (weak, feminine)
byrnsweord: n; flaming sword (strong, neuter)
ceastre: n; city, walled town (accusative)
Cerdice: n; proper name Cerdic; (dative)
cirice: n; church (weak, (feminine)
cirman: v; to cry out, shout
cohhetan: v; to bluster, shout
comon: v; came (past plural of cuman)
cuman: v; to come
cunnan: v; to know
cwæþ: v; said (past 3rd person singular of (ge)cweþan)
cymeþ: v; comes (present 3rd person singular of cuman)
cyng: n; king (nominative)
cyning: n; king (nominative)
cyricean: n; church (genitive)
deman: v; to judge
demen: v; would judge (weak, 1st conjugation)
dohte: v; availed (past tense 3rd person singular of dugan)
don: v; to do
draca: n; dragon
dugan: v; to achieve
durran: v; to dare
duru: n; door (accusative)
dyre: adj; dear, precious
eac: conj; also
eage: n; eye
eal: adj; all
eal: adj; all
ealdor: n; lord, prince (strong, masculine)
ealle: adv; completely
earan: n; ears (plural of eare; accusative)
eard: n; land (strong, masculine)
eardiaþ: v; dwell (weak, 2nd conjugation)
earfoðnes: n; hardship (strong, feminine)
earn: n; eagle (strong, masculine)
Eastengle: n; East Anglians
easteweard: adv; in the east
elde: v; hesitated (weak, 1st conjugation)
ece: adj; eternal, everlasting
efston: v; hastened (weak, 1st conjugation)
eft: adv; afterwards
eow: prn; y'all (accusative or dative)
eower: prn; y'all's
eowic: prn; y'all (accusative)
fæder: n; father
(ge)faran: v; to travel, go
fela: adj; many
feoll: v; fell (past 1st and 3rd person singular of (ge)feallan)
feor: adv; far
Finnas: n; Lapps, Finns (proper noun)
Finnum: n; Lapps, Finns (dative of Finnas)
fleon: v; to fly
foð: v; catch, capture; (present plural of fon)
forþ: adv; forth
for ðon: conj; because
for ðæm: conj; because
fordrifan: v; to drive away, sweep away
forgyldan: v; to pay for
forwearð: v; perished (past tense 3rd person singular of forweor?an)
fot: n; foot
fyrst: adj; first
gafol: n; profit, taxes (strong, neuter)
gan: v; to go"
gar: n; spear (strong, masculine)ge: prn; you two
geare: n; year (dative)
gebytlu: n; (nominative plural)building (strong, neuter)gedreccednes: tribulation (strong, feminine)georne: adv; eagerly
guma: n; man, hero (weak, masculine)
guðsearo: n; war-gear (strong, neuter)
geaf: v; gave (past 1st and 3rd singular of giefan)
geat: n; gate (accusative plural of "gatu"; strong, neuter)
gelyfed: adj; advanced
gemæne: adj; common to
giefan: v; to give
gif: conj; if
git: prn; you two
god: adj; good
Godes: n; God (genitive)
grædelice: adv; greedily
gram: adj; angry
gristbitian: v; to gnash the teeth
gryþ: n; quarter (accusative case)
gehyraþ: v; heard (present 3 plural of gehieran)
gymða: v; cares for (present 3rd person singular of gieman)
habban: v; to have
hæbbe: v; have (present 3 subjunctive of habban)
hæfde: v; had (past tense 3rd person singular of habban)
hæfdon: v; had (weak, 3rd conjugation)
hæfst: v; have (weak, 3rd cojugation)
hæte: n; heat
halgan: adj; holy
hasopad: adj; grey-coated
he: prn; he
Heahmund: n; proper name Heahmund; (nominative)
(ge)healdan: v; to hold, keep, preserve
hean: adj; poor
hearpian: v; to harp (infinitive)
heo: prn; she, they (nominative or accusative)
heofonas: n; the heavens (plural of heofon; accusative)
heom: prn; them (dative)
here: n; war, battle (strong, masculine)hi: prn; themselves
hider: adv; hither
hie: prn; she, they (nominative or accusative)
him: prn; it (dative)
hine: prn; him (accusative)
hio: prn; she
hira: prn; theirs
hire: prn; hers (genitive or dative)
his: prn; his, its
hit: prn; it (accusative)
hit: prn; it
hlude: adv; loudly
hond: n; hand
hræfn: n; raven (strong, masculine)
hraw: n; corpse (strong, neuter)
hranas: n; reindeer (plural of hran; accusative)
hringdon: v; rang (past tense 3rd person plural of hringan)
hus: n; house (nominative)
hwa: prn; who
hwæl: n; whale (nominative)
hwæm: prn; whom (dative)
hwær: adv; where
hwæs: prn; whose
hwæt: prn; what (nominative or accusative)
hwalas: n; whales (plural accusative)
hwam: prn; whom (dative)
hwelc: adj; of what sort
hwi: adv; why
hwi: prn; who (instrumental)
hwon: prn; who (instrumental)
hwone: prn; whom (accusative)
(ge)hyranne: v; hearing (inflected infinitive of gehieran)
(ge)hyre: v; hear (plural imperative of gehieran)
hyrnednebb: adj; horn-beaked
ic: prn; I
Ifling: n; the River Ifling (nominative)
iglond: n; island (strong, neuter)
ilca: adj; same
in: prep; in
inc: prn; you two (accusative or dative)
incer: prn; of you two
incit: prn; you two (accusative)
ise: n; ice (dative)
kyng: n; king (nominative)
lærde: v; taught (weak, 1st conjugation)
læssa: adj; smaller
land, lond: n; land, country (strong, neuter)
land: n; land, country (nominative)
lande: n; land, country (dative)
lange: adv; long, for long
lar: n; teaching, doctrine (nominative)
laðgeniðla: n; foe, enemy (weak, masculine)
leoht: n; light (strong, neuter)
leasunga: n; false witness
leoht: adj; light
letan: v; left (past tense 3rd person plural of lætan: )
libban (or lifian): v; to live
lic: n; body (strong, neuter)
licgan: v; to lie
mæden: n; maiden, girl (strong, neuter)mægas: n; kinsmen (plural of mæg); (nominative)
magan: v; to be able to
mann, monn: n; man (minor, masculine)
mannum: n; men (plural of man(n); dative)
Maria: n; Mary (weak, (feminine)
me: prn; me (dative or instrumental)
meahte: v; was able (past tense 3rd person singular of magan)
mec: prn; me (accusative)
medu: n; field
men: n; men
mere: n; lake, body of water (dative)
micclum: adv; greatly
micle: adj; large
micle: adv; much
mid: prep; with
min: prn; mine
modor: n; mother
mona: n; moon (weak, masculine)monn: n; man
monna: n; men (plural of man(n); genitive)
morum: n; moors (dative plural)
motan: v; to be allowed to
munan: v; to remember
mynstermen: n; monks (plural of mynsterman(n); nominative)
næfre: adv; never
ne...ne: conj; neither...nor
ne: adv; not
neaweste: n; vicinity, neighborhood (dative)
nele: v; does not wish (negative of "willan")
Norþhymbre: n; Northumbrians
nu: adv; now
nugan: v; to suffice
of: prep; from
ofer: prep; over
ofslægen: adj; slain (past participle acting as an adjective)
Olafe: n; proper name Olaf (dative)
on: prep; in
on: prep; in, into
on: prep; on, into
ond: conj; and
onginnan: v; to begin
oscuna: v; avoid (weak, 2nd conjugation)
Oswold: n; Oswold (nominative)
oðre: adj; other
oþ: prep; until
Paulinus: n; Paulinus (proper noun; Latin)
recce: v; am interested in (weak, 1st conjugation)
reliquium: n; relic (Latin)
rice: adj; rich
rod: n; cross, rood (nominative)
Rom: n; Rome (weak)
ryhtfæderencyn: n; direct paternal ancestry (nominative)
sæmann: n; seaman, seafarer (minor, masculine)
Scæ: n; Saint (Latin)
scip: n; ship (strong, neuter)
searo: n; war-gear (strong, neuter)
stan: n; stone (strong masculine)
sumor: n; summer (minor, masculine)
sunne: n; sun (weak, feminine)
suðrima: n; south-coast (weak, masculine)
sweg: n; sound, music (strong, masculine)
salowigpad: adj; dark-feathered
Sancta: n; Saint (Latin adjective "holy" used as a noun)
sceaþa: n; enemy
sculan: v; must, to be obligated
se: prn; the (masculine, singular, nominative)
secgan (or secgean): v; to say
seledreamas: n; hall-joys (plural of seledream) (nominative)
(ge)seoh: v; see (imperative sg of geseon)
(ge)sittan: v; to settle, remain, sit
siþþan: adv; afterwards
slæpð: v; sleeps (present 1st and 3rd singular of slæpan)
snel: adj; quick
spedig: adj; prosperous
springan: v; to spring
staþe: n; shore, bank (dative)
standeþ: v; stands (present 3rd person singular of standan)
stod: v; stood (past 3rd person singular of standan)
stodon: v; stood (past tense 3rd person plural of standan)
styredon: v; stirred, moved (past tense 3rd person plural of styrian)
styredon: v; stirred, moved (past tense 3rd person plural of styrian)
sum: adj; one
sunu: n; son
swa: adv; as
swa: adv; so
sweart: adj; gloomy, dark, black
sweostor: n; sister
swift: adj; swift
swyðe: adv; very
syle: v; give (weak, 1st conjugation)
tacan: v; to take
teolung: n; tillage (strong, feminine)
(ge)teon: v; to draw
tide: n; time (accusative)
til: adj; good
to: prep; for
to: prep; to
toð: n; tooth
toniman: v; to open
treow: n; pledge (strong, (feminine)
Truso: n; Truso (name of a city) (nominative)
tungol: n; star (strong, neuter)
þa: adv; then
þa: dem prn; that, the (feminine, singular, accusative)
ðær: adv; there
ðæt: conj; so that
þe: prn; which
þe: prn; you (accusative or dative)
þec: prn; you (accusative)
þegenas: n; thanes (strong)
þider: adv; thither
þin: prn; your
ðissere: prn; this (genitive feminine singular)
ðonne: conj; than
ðonne: adv; then
ðu: prn; you
ðurh-slean: v; to smite through
ðus: adv; thus
uncer: prn; of us two
uncit: prn; us two (accusative)
unearge: adj; brave
unnan: v; to grant
untrum: adj; unwell
unwritere: n; bad scribe (nominative)
up: adv; up
ure: prn; of us, our
urfan: v; to need
urne adj; (accusative singular of ure): our
us: prn; us (accusative)
us: prn; us (dative or instrument)
user: prn; of us, our
usic: prn; us (accusative)
ut: adv; out
wagode: v; waved, shook (past tense 3rd person singular of wagian)
wagode: v; waved, shook (past tense 3rd person singular of wagian)
wanspedig: adj; poor, destitute
we: prn; we
weald: n; forest
wearð: v; became; (past singular 1st and 3rd person of weor?an)
Wendelsæ: n; Mediterranean Sea (feminine)
wendon: v; went (weak, 1st conjugation)
weorðan: v; to become, happen
weoruldhade: n; secular life (dative)
werod: n; troop, company (strong, neuter)wi?: prep; against
wilde: adj; wild
willan: v; to wish
wit: prn;we two
witan: v; to know
wlance: adj; proud
wop: n; weeping (strong, masculine)wracu: n; suffering, pain (strong, feminine)
word: n; word
world: n; world (strong, (feminine)
woruld: n; world (strong, feminine)
wrecca: n; exile (nominative)
wudu: n; wood
wudu: n; wood, forest (minor, masculine)
wurðmynte: n; reverence, honor (dative)
wurdon: v; became; (past plural of weor?an)
yfel: n; evil, harm (accusative)
ylce: adj; same
ylde: n; old age (genitive)