There are many and varied routes from Deep Structure to Surface Structure.
These diagrams which trace in detail the structure of an English sentence (or any language), of course, can get very esoteric and very very numerous.
Some scholars spend their lives studying and describing them. Children intuitively learn them in four years without really trying!
Maybe there is something in Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device (LAD).
An English teacher once remarked that you can reduce all the stories in the world into about five themes. I believe there is an element of truth to this.
My favorite movie hero was John Wayne, but I noticed that all his movies followed just about one of those themes.
Whether he was a Mongol Warrior, an Indian Rebel or a World War II Hero, the story always seemed (to me) to be the same.