Expectancies can totally override the stimulus from the outside.
If I didn't catch you on either, then try them orally on someone else, only donāt make it a multiple choice question.
Just ask them "What do you do when you come to a green light?" or "What is an aluminum roof made of?" The chances are you will catch them on this.
If so, it will demonstrate that their expectancies have totally overridden the aural stimulus they received.
They saw or heard what they expected to see or hear, based on the expectancies you provided. They did not hear what was actually written or spoken!
Here is another example of expectancies. Look at the cards on the following page. On first glance they all look normal--just what we would expect to see on a card.
But on a closer look, only one of the four is really correct. Can you tell which one it is?