Sede Vacante of 1378



Testimony of Joannes Volcardi,
Magister capellae of Urban VI.


Louis Gayet, Le grand schisme d'Occident Les Origines volume 1 (Paris-Florence-Berlin 1889) "Pièces justificatives" 16-18:

Dominus Johannis Volcardi magister capelle domini pape Urbani VI sub juramento deposuit ista que secuntur et est de natione Alemanus [Iste moratur Rome nunc, sed natione est citramontanus]

1. Primo dixit quod per duos vel tres dies ante ingressum conclavis vidit quod cum starent simul Dominus camerarius pape Gregorii XI. b.m. et thesaurius, venit ad eos quidam romanus antiqus vestitus de pano viridi cum alia societate et non recordatur de ejus nomine licet bene vidit eum pluries et cognoscebat eum, et non vidit iste talis principium propositionis quam fecerant illis dominis, sed audivit responsionem dictorum camerarii et thesaurarii qui dicebant quod non deberent velle quod per talem modum fieret papa, quia si per impressionem fieret non esset papa. Tunc dixit ille romanus, quod sicut ad petitionem regis Francie fecerant cardinales papam a tanto tempore quod ratio erat et conveniens quod ad requestam romanorum darent eis papam italianum; et si non facerent sicut populus volebat, quod esset magnum scandalum et periculum in ecclesia Dei sicut nuquam fuit, nam licet majores vellent ponere remedium non possent refrenare populares, qui essent multum commoti nisi facerent ad voluntatem eorum; et propter hoc premonebant eos quod vellent contentare populum; et cum dicti camerarius et thesaurarius dixissent quod domini eligerent quem viderent utilem ad servitium Dei et ecclesie et quod aliud non deberent Romani dicere nec velle, ille romanus dixit:quod iterum advisabat eos quod sua-[17]derent DD. Cardinalibus quod facerent ad voluntatem populi alias esse magnum damnum, et presumit ille testis quod similia verba deixissent romani cardinalibus.

2. Item dixit quod vidit alia die et hora qua intraverunt cardinales conclave quamplures gentes armorum congregatas in platea S. Petri et prope palatium clamabant quod romanum vel italicum volebant. Et sequenti die ipse timens commotionem populi, summo mane misit bona sua mobilia que habebat in domo ad quamdam turrim, et fecit ibi poni victualia pro aliquibus diebus et post ivit ad ecclesiam S. Petri, et vidit plures armatos venire versus palatium et juvenes clamabant: Romanum volumus o alo manco italiano. Et ipse habuit timorem et ibat versus turrim ubi se debebat reponere, et cum transiret per plateam S. Petri oviavit aliis gentibus armatis qui simile ibant versus palatium et aliqui illorum dicebant: quod romanum vel italicum haberent ista vice alias omnis essent occisi, et jurabant per la clavelato de Dio. Et tanta erat multitudo gentium quod vix poterat transire et ivit cum magno timore ad turrim ubi se deberet salvare, et stetit ibi per spatium aliquid; postea fuit fama quod cardinalis S. Petri fuisset electus.

3. Tunc iste exivit et ivit versus palatium, et vidit conclave ruptum et fuit rumor quia dicebatur quod aliqui extraxerant per vim annulum de manu unius cardinalis, et in extractione violenta rumpit digitum illius cardinalis.

4. Item dicit quod nunquam audivit quod pulsarentur campane ad rumorem illa die. Item dicit quod iste accessit ad reverentiam ad cardinalem S. Petri et ipsement cardinalis dixit isti: quod ipse non erat papa, sed archiepiscopus Barensis erat et dixit isti quia diligebat eum.

5. Item dixit quod vidit quod cardinales coronaverunt in papam istum Dominum nostrum, et petebant ab eo beneficia, indulgentias, et exercebant ceteros actus in divinis officiis, et [18] in aliis apud ipsum tanquam apud verum papam e sic tenet et credit.

6. Interrogatus si ipse fuisset in conclavi illo, tunc si timuisset secundum illa qui vidit. Respondit quod certe ipse credit quod debuisset timere, ipse et quilibet qui fuisset illo tunc in conclave propter commotionem et terribilem clamorem populi et super illa que dicebant inter se: quod nisi haberent romanum vel italicum quod omnis essent casi. Sed quidquid esset, cardinales habuerunt eum postea pro papa et obediebant sibi ut pape et petebant beneficia et fecerunt alios actus ut pape.

 


In § 2, John Volcardi states that on April 8, 1378, fearing the disturbed state of the people, he sent all of his moveable goods to a certain tower, and had placed there victuals for several days.  Then he went to St. Peter's, and there he saw several armed men coming toward the Palace, and young men were shouting, "We want a Roman, or at any rate an Italian."   He himself was in a state of fear, and he was going to the tower where he intended to shut himself in;  as he was crossing St. Peter's Square he came across other armed men who were also heading toward the Palace and some of them were saying that they wanted a Roman or an Italian, otherwise everybody would be killed, and they swore by God's clavicle.  Such was the crush of people that Volcardi was scarcely able to get across the square, and he went in a state of great fear to the tower where he hoped to secure himself, and he stayed there for some time.  Then he heard the report that the Cardinal of St. Peter's had been elected.

In § 3, John Volcardi states that he left the tower and went toward the Palace, and saw the Conclave broken, and he heard a report that said that a ring had been taken off the hand of one of the cardinals by force, and that in the extraction the Cardinal's finger had been broken.

In § 4, John Volcardi states that, on that day, April 8, 1378, he never heard the bell being sounded for an assembly.  He says the he came to salute the Cardinal of St. Peter's [Francesco Tebaldeschi],  and the Cardinal himself stated to Volcardi that he was not the pope. but that the Archbishop of Bari was, and that Tebaldeschi said he was delighted.

 

November 21, 2013 2:00 PM

John Paul Adams, CSUN
john.p.adams@csun.edu

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