CD 485 Computer Applications in
Communication Disorders and Sciences
IDENTIFYING THE APPROPRIATE DATABASES
– JOURNAL ARTICLES THROUGH PUBMED, MEDLINE AND
COMMUNICATION DISORDERS MULTISEARCH
The
profession of Communication Disorders was founded in earnest after the Second
World War on a medical model of training, research and practice. Hence, it is not unexpected that
databases focused on medical issues would be considerably useful. Two such databases are PubMed and Medline.
The National
Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
provides an integrated approach to the use of gene and protein sequence
information. It was established in 1988 as a national resource for molecular
biology information. NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in
computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and
disseminates biomedical information - all for the better understanding of
molecular processes affecting human health and disease.
On the surface, this does not appear to
be a likely source for information in Communication Disorders in general or AAC
in particular. But included in
this service is a public database called PubMed. This has many relevant sources for the
study of AAC. Unlike many of the
other databases that have to be accessed through a Provider Service paid for by
the CSUN Library for the exclusive use of registered students, PubMed is a public service free to anyone who has access to
the internet.
ItÕs interface looks like this:
It also has a real neat tutor at:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/viewlet/search/journal/journal.html
It is well worth looking and hearing this tutor.
Hence, PubMed
above can be accessed through a Google Search, but it can also be accessed
through the CSUN Library structure via the A to Z Index list, or the
Communicative Disorders Library Home Page. Although it looks the same, this is a slightly different Pub
Med only accessible to CSUN Students. The advantage of using the Pub Med
included in the CSUN Library Structure is that once you have found a reference
you want, there is a direct link that allows you to check whether or not it is
in the CSUN Oviatt Library or the CSU Union of
Libraries. One new feature under More Resources (the column to the right above)
is the link to the MeSH Database. This is a database for finding the
structure of terms used by the U. S. Library of Medicine.
Please note there are links
to an overview of PubMed and some interesting
Tutorials. These are very
useful. And if one plans to do a
lot of research both in school and after graduation, it would be advantageous
to open a NCBI account so references and search strategies could be saved. This account is outside the CSU Library
structure so it would remain in use after a student has graduated. For our purposes here, however, we will
go directly to the search. PubMed like Medline has a very structured set of search
terms. We can ferret these out by
making a search in the MeSH database first. This Database can be accessed through
the MeSH Database Link under PubMed
Serivices in the blue column to the left. MeSH stands
for Medical Sub Headings. If we
use the search words Augmentative Alternative Communication into the MeSH database we come up with a rich array of search terms
as follows:
NCBI MeSH
Results Page
Selecting, from the list of
search words that we obtained above, the search terms ÒCommunication Aids for
Handicapped,Ó we can return
to our Search Page in Pub Med.
Hence, we are now using MeSH terms for our
search strategy in PubMed. We must also first change the Database from MeSH to PubMed.
NCBI Search Page in PubMed Database
In making this search, with these terms we come up with 1649
records. We could run the search again using some limits to reduce the number,
but the second reference seems very interesting in terms of AAC so weÕll go
with that..
Clicking on the second record, we get a full citation having an
abstract of the article, and related links. There are also some MeSH terms available for further research strategies.
Of most importance, however
is the Full Text Link in the upper right hand corner, although not all
references have this. When it is
there it provides an access to the Full
Text of the article. Clicking
on the link gives us a Full Text page, which may look something like this:
In the right hand column
(and again below not shown here) are links to Full Text PDF files which will
display the article in itÕs entirety as shown below.
Research doesnÕt get any better than this.
B. IDENTIFYING THE APPROPRIATE DATABASES – MEDLINE THROUGH NCBI
(THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION)
As
described online, ÒMEDLINE¨ is the premier database of the U.S. National
Library of Medicine (NLM). It contains over 12 million records of journal
articles in all areas of the life sciences, with particular emphasis on
biomedicine. MEDLINE records are created by NLM and
collaborating partners. Full records include complete bibliographic
details and author abstracts. In
addition, subject specialists at the National Library of Medicine assign
controlled terms from the MeSH Thesaurus that add
value to the database and aid in retrieval.Ó
To those of us who can
remember a time when computers didnÕt exist (referred to sometimes as the
Crustacean Period by archeologists) the big reference source in the Library for
Communication Disorders & Sciences was Medicus
Index. It existed in volumes of bound books in the Reference Room. These have all been
replaced now by computers and a software database called, Medline.
The Provider for Medline in
the CSUN Library is the ISI Web of
Knowledge (Thomas Corporation).
This database can be accessed through the Library A – Z Index
listing or the Communication Disorders Library Home page. In regards to the former you would look
under ÒMÓ for MEDLINE (ISI), rather than ÒIÓ
for ISI (MEDLINE).
The ISI Search Page for
Medline looks like the following:
Using the truncated search terms Òcommunicat*
and aid** disable*, we obtain a results with 1686 records
The Results
Page of Medline in ISI Web of Knowledge--References
We
could and should, of course, have used the Advanced
Search Options or the Refine Results
options to limit and focus the search and eliminate irrelevant references from
the results.
We
can among other things obtain a full text record by clicking on the Title Link,
for example, ÒEnhancing AAC Connections etc.Ó This gives us a wealth of information.
Full Text Citation in Medline via ISI Web of Knowledge
←
Included here is the typical
information found in a full citation, plus some more useful MeSH
terms, and options to save, email or print the citation. Also included is a ÒFind TextÓ
option. This is important because
it not only give us an opportunity to format the citation in an APA style
(under More Options) but it also gives us information about Full Text options
and/or the availability of the reference in the CSU Library System.
We
can see that there are two Full Text sources for this reference, and that it is
also available in the Oviatt (CSUN) Library. Our work is done!
Without a doubt, PubMed and Medline are very useful databases for research
in Communication Disorders and Sciences, but there is an even more powerful
tool, which shortens considerably the effort and time we must spend in locating
references and their full text.
That tool is Communication Disorders & Sciences Multisearch.
D.
IDENTIFYING THE APPROPRIATE DATABASES –
COMMUNICATION DISORDERS MULTISEARCH.
You
can see the entire list of databases included in MultIsearch
although we will only be able to search 10 at a time. Clicking on any one in
this list will give us the individual Provider interface with all its specific
options. Clicking on the
Communicative Disorders Multisearch link will give us
the Search Page for including up to 10 databases. In this case, however there will be a generic interface format for all, which may lack some of the
nuances of the individual Provider interface. But the efficiency gained in most cases far outweighs this
disadvantage.
Although
it is not necessary to log in to do a search, it is advantageous to do so in
case we wish to save any of the references we have located. The Log in link is in the upper right
corner of the screen. We log in
using our CSUN ID and Password just as if we were logging into the Portal.
The Òbig netÓ here is the
capability of Multisearch to cover TEN databases in
one search. These databases, more
over, are among the most relevant for the field of Communicative Disorders, and
hence AAC.
Of course, you can select
less than 10 databases to search.
Regardless of how many you select, the format of the results page and
beyond will be the same for all databases, regardless of the Provider they
typically use. For example using
the first Ten databases and the search strategy ÒAAC
and communication,Ó we get a results page with 149 citations. On the right side of the monitor is the
ÒhitÓ rate for each of the ten databases. You can see whom the Òheavy hitters
are.
(Right side of the monitor)
On
the left side of the monitor are the records. The entire list of 149 citations is presented in the order
of their relevance (please see below).
(Left side of the monitor)
But
we can also get these databases ordered, if we wish, within each individual
database by clicking on the link (name) of the Database in the list to the
right; or the by the Dates).
We can, of course, get the
full text record, use the ÒFind TextÓ link and check the availability in the
CSUN Library as we have done in the past for other databases.
If there are any references we wish to save for an
extended period of time we can click on the Òsave this record Òlink. This will only work, of course, if we
have logged in.
Then
later, if we wish to review the records we have saved we can click on the ÒMy
Saved RecordsÓ which is adjacent to the Log-in (now
Log out) link.
There we will have access to
all our saved records. There are a log of additional options here like Exporting records
or downloading them.
But for
now we will just Log-out.
There is much more to be
learned about the library strategies both in general and in particular for
selected databases. And it is all available in the form of Tutorials both in the databases
themselves and in the Communication Disorders Library Home Page. The more one uses these databases the
more simple the procedures will appear to become. For any obstacles, which seem insurmountable, the final
resource is to email our Librarian, Marcia Henry, who will answer all your
questions.