Communicable Diseases
1. typhoid fever agent: Salmonella typhi reservoir: human transmission: indirect, vectors (flies) symptoms: can be asymptomatic fever, gastroenteritis, nosebleeds rose spots (red patches on abdomen) 2. paratyphoid fever agent: 3 main groups of Salmonella paratyphi reservoir: primarily human transmission: same as typhoid fever symptoms: similar to typhoid, but paratyphoid is much less virulent 3. Cholera agent: Vibrio cholera reservoir: human; perhaps environmental reservoirs transmission: fecal (or vomitus) [direct, indirect (food, water, flies)] symptoms: sudden and severe diarrhea vomiting, severe dehydration, death 4. Shigellosis (also known as bacillary dysentary) (dysentary) = acute colitis with diarrhea agent: 4 groups of genus Shigella (bacteria) reservoir: humans; primates transmission: fecal [direct, indirect (food, water, flies)] symptoms: diarrhea, fever, nausea stools contain blood, mucus, and pus 5. Amebiasis (amebic dysentary) agent: Entamoeba histolytica (a protozoon) reservoir: human; usually a chronically ill or asymptomatic carrier Patients with acute amebiasis actually pose a low risk of transmission. transmission: fecal [direct, indirect (food, water, flies)] acute patients pose limited danger (absence of cysts) symptoms: often asymptomatic; fever, chills, diarrhea stools contain blood, mucus 6. Giardiasis agent: Giardia lamblia (protozoan) reservoir: human; possibly other animals transmission: fecal (water or food) (cysts resist treatment) symptoms: often asymptomatic; diarrhea, cramps, fatigue
1. Trichinosis agent: Trichanella spiralis reservoir: pigs, wild boar, bears, foxes, wolves, rats transmission: eating infected animals symptoms: nausea, gastroenteritis (must thoroughly cook pork >150 deg. F) 2. Ascariasis (roundworms) agent: primarily Ascaris lumbricoides reservoir: humans, infected soils transmission: not person to personThe eggs of Ascariasis are not immediately infective.ingestion of infective eggs (soil) symptoms: live worms in stool varied: coughing, fever, nutrition 3. Schistosomiasis (blood flukes) agent: Schistosoma (4 species) reservoir: humans (and various animals) transmission: vectors (biological) larvae from snail infested waters symptoms: varied 4. Other helminthic diseases a. beef tapeworm Taenia saginata b. pork tapeworm Taenia solium c. fish tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum d. dracunculiasis (dracontiasis) Dracunculus medinensis e. ancylostomiasis (hookworm) Ancylostoma f. enterobiasis (pinworm) Enterobias
Selected Miscellaneous Diseases
1. Ringworm agent: Microsporum, Trichophyton, others (fungi)Ringworm is not actually a helminthic worm. It is invariably a fungus.reservoir: infected human or animal transmission: physical contact symptoms: dermatitis (athlete's foot,jock itch, etc.) control: cleaning floors, showers, clothing 2. Tetanus agent: Clostridium tetani reservoir: soil, street dust, animal feces transmission: typically by entrance in a wound symptoms: muscular contractions, spasms case fatality can be high control: immunization, cleansing wounds 3. Anthrax agent: Bacillus anthracis reservoir: cattle, sheep, goats, horses, swine transmission: contact with hides or meat, flies symptoms: itchy skin; complications if untreated control: vaccine, sanitation, dust control 4. Leprosy agent: Mycobacterium leprae reservoir: humans transmission: not clearly established prolonged contact is importantLeprosy has an extremely long incubation periodsymptoms: Leprosy is a disease of the skin, nerves, and nasal musosa. symptoms vary
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