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As a special usage, the PURPOSE of the 'passive periphrastic' is to express obligation ('ought') or necessity ('must').

FORM:     The second (passive) periphrastic construction is made up of the

FUTURE PASSIVE PARTICIPLE   +   appropriate parts of the verb SUM, ESSE
(a.k.a. the gerundive)

 

PORTANDUS SUM             I am to be carried. I must be carried.
PORTANDI ERAMUS         We were to be carried. We had to be carried.
PORTANDAE ERITIS         You will have to be carried.

PORTANDUS FUI                I have had to be carried.
PORTANDUS FUERAM     I had had to be carried.
PORTANDUS FUERO.       I shall have had to be carried.

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EXAMPLES:

Latin:	English:
NUNTIUS MITTENDUS EST	A messenger is to be sent. A messenger must be sent. A messenger ought to be sent. A messenger should be sent. A messenger has to be sent.
AQUA PORTANDA ERAT.	Water was to be carried. Water ought to have been carried. Water should have been carried. Water had to be carried.

 

NOTE: This periphrastic construction is an alternative to using:

Latin:	English:
DEBUIT DICERE...	He ought to have said (owed it to say)...
OPORTUIT VENIRE	He ought to have come.
POTUIT VIDERE...	He might have seen...