Section of Trajan's Column in Rome, showing the Emperor Trajan before an assembly of his army, cavalry soldiers riding past him

A section of Trajan's Column

THE ROMAN ARMY: A BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX


General Works Texts Legions Auxilia Officers, Centurions, Optiones Recruitment Finance		Campaigns, Battles, and Military Areas Army Life Logistics, Training The Roman Navy Discharge III Century Crisis, and Later Other Items

GENERAL WORKS

VRoma Image Database
Resource Bibliography for War & Peace in Classical Antiquity (Prof. R. Rice, University of Pennsylvania).
VIAE ROMANAE: Roman Military Highways, A Bibliography (J. P. Adams)
Aigner H., Die Soldaten als Machtfaktor in der ausgehenden römischen Republik (Innsbruck, 1974).
Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) [Heidelberger althistorische Beiträge und epigraphische Studien, 31].
Alföldy, Géza, Römische Heeresgeschichte: Beitrage 1962-1985 (Amsterdam: John Benjamins 1987) [MAVORS, 3].
Alföldy, Géza, "Das Heer in der Sozialstruktur des Römischen Kaiserreiches," Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit (Stuttgart 2000) 33-57.
Ausbüttel, F. M., Die Verwaltung des römischen Kaiserreiches. Von der Herrschaft des Augustus bis zum Niedergang des Weströmischen Reiches (Darmstadt 1998).
Austin, N.J.E., and B. Rankov, Exploratio. Military and Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople (New York 1995).
Austin, N. J. E., "What happened to intelligence information from the frontier?" Prudentia 19 (1987) 28-33.
Berchem, D. van, "Armée de frontière et armée de manoeuvre; alternative stratégique ou politique?" Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms (1977) 541-543.
Birley, Eric, The Roman Army: Papers, 1929-1986 (Amsterdam 1988).
Botermann, Helga, Die Soldaten und die römische Politik in der Zeit von Cäsars Tod bis zur Begründung des zweiten Triumvirats (1968) [Zetemata, 46].
Brisson, J.-P. Problèmes de la guerre à Rome (Paris: Mouton 1969).
Brown, C.E., and P. D. Morgan (editors), Arming Slaves, from Classical Times to the Modern Age (New Haven: Yale University Press 2006).
Brunt, P. A., Italian Manpower, 225 B.C.–A. D. 14 (Oxford 1971).
Brunt, Peter Astbury, The fall of the Roman republic and related essays (Oxford, 1988).
Caire, Emmanuel, and Sylvie Pittia, Guerre et diplomatie romaines, IVe-IIe siècles. Pour un réexamen des sources (Aix-en-Provence: Université de Provence 2006) [Textes et Documents de la Méditerranée antique et médiévale].
Cahiers du Groupe de recherches sur l' armée romaine et les provinces (Paris 1984).
Campbell, Brian, Warfare and Society in Imperial Rome, 31 B. C. - A. D. 280 (NY Routledge 2002).
Campbell, Brian, The Roman Army: 31 B.C.-A.D. 337 (London: Routledge 1994) [a sourcebook]
Campbell, Brian, The Emperor and the Roman Army, 31 B.C.-A.D. 235 (1984). [Review: Alföldy Gnomon 57 (1985) 440-446.
Champion, Craige B. (ed.) Roman Imperialism. Readings and Sources (Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing 2004).
Chaniotis, A., War in the Hellenistic World: A Social and Cultural History (Roma 2005).
Combès, R., Imperator. Recherche sur l' emploi et la signification du titre d' imperator dans la Rome républicaine (Paris 1966) [Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences humaines de Montpellier, 26].
Connolly, Peter, Greece and Rome at War (Englewood Cliffs NJ, 1981; 2nd ed. 1998).
Dillon, Sheila and Katherine E. Welch (editors), Representations of War in Ancient Rome (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006).
Eck, Werner, "Kaiserliche Imperatorenakklamation und ornamenta triumphalia," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 124 (1998) 223-227.
Elton, Hugh, Warfare in Roman Europe, A.D. 350-425 (Oxford: Clarendon 1996).
DeBlois, I., The Roman Army and Politics in the First Century Before Christ (Amsterdam 1987).
Elton, Hugh, Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1996).
Erdmann, E., Die Rolle des Heeres in der Zeit von Marius bis Caesar (Neustadt: Schmidt 1972).
DeBlois, Lukas, The Roman army and politics in the first century B.C. (Amsterdam, 1987).
DeBlois, Lukas, "Army and Society in the Late Roman Republic," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
DeBlois, Lukas, Administration, Prosopography and Appointment Policies in the Roman Empire. Proceedings of the First Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 27 B.C.-A.D. 406) (Amsterdam: J. Gieben/Brill 2001).
Erdkamp, P., Hunger and the Sword. Warfare and Food Supply in Roman Republican Wars (264–30 B.C.) (Amsterdam 1998) [Dutch Monographs on Ancient History and Archaeology, 20].
Erdkamp, Paul (editor), The Roman Army and the Economy (J. Gieben 2002)
Evans, J. K., War, Women and Children in Ancient Rome (London 1991).
Feugère, M., Les armes des Romains, de la République à l' Antiquité tardive (Paris 1993).
Freeman, Philip, and David Kennedy (edd.), The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East. Proceedings of a colloquium held at the University of Sheffield in April 1986 (BAR International Series 297(i) 1986) [British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, Monograph No. 8]
Fitz, Jeno (ed.), Limes. Akten des XI. Internationalen Limeskongresses, Szekesfehervar, 30.8–6.9. 1976 (Szekesfehervar 1976).
Frei-Stolba, R. & M. A. Speidel (edd.), Römische Inschriften: Neufunde, Neulesungen und Neuinterpretationen: Festschrift für Hans Lieb zum 65. Geburtstag (Basel: Reinhardt 1995).
Gabba, Emilio, Esercito e società nella tarda Repubblica romana (Firenze 1973) [Il Pensiero storico, 62].
Gabba, Emilio, Per la storia dell'esercito romano in età imperiale (Bologna, 1974).
Gabba, Emilio, Republican Rome. The Army and the Allies (ed. P. Cuff) (1976).
Gabba, Emilio, Le rivolte militari romane dal IV secolo a. C. ad Augusto (Firenze, 1975).
Gilliam, J. Frank, Roman Army Papers (Amsterdam: John Benjamins 1988) [MAVORS, IV].
Gilliam, J. F., "Épigraphie et armée. Introduction," Actes. VII Congrès internationale d' épigraphie (1979) 187-189.
Gilliver, C. M., The Roman Art of War (2001).
Goldsworthy, Adrian Keith, The Roman Army at War, 100 B.C.--A.D. 200 (Oxford: Clarendon 1996 [1997]).
Goldsworthy, Adrian Keith, Roman Warfare (London 2000).
Goldsworthy, Adrian Keith, The Complete Roman Army (London/NY: Thames & Hudson 2003).
Grant, Michael, The Army of the Caesars (New York: Scribners 1974).
Gurval, R. A., Actium and Augustus. The Politics and Emotions of Civil War [Review: W.M. Murray JRA 10 (1997) 372-376.]
Harmand, J., L' armée et le soldat à Rome de 107 à 50 avant nôtre ère (Paris 1967).
Harmand, J., "Les origines de l' armée impériale. Un témoinage sur la réalité du pseudo-principal et sur l' evolution militaire de l' Occident," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 1 (Berlin/New York 1974) 264-298.
Harris, William V., War and Imperialism in Republican Rome, 327-70 B.C. (Oxford: Clarendon 1979).
Hellegouarc'h, J., Armée et parti politique sous la république romaine: Problemes de la guerre à Rome .
Holland, Tom, Rubicon: The Last Years of the Roman Republic (NY: Doubleday 2004).
Horsmann, G., Untersuchungen zur militärischen Ausbildung im republikanischen und kaiserzeitlichen Rom (Boppard am Rhein 1991) (Wehrwissenschaftliche Forschungen. Abteilung Militärwissenschaftliche Studien, 35.].
Isaac, Benjamin, The Limits of Empire. The Roman Army in the East (Oxford University Press 1993).
Keavemey, Arthur, The Army in the Roman Revolution (New York: Routledge 2007).
Keegan, J., The Face of Battle (London 1976).
Keppie, Lawrence, The Making of the Roman Army (Batsford 1984; Barnes & Noble 1994).
Kneissel, Peter, Die Siegestitulatur der römischen Kaiser (Göttingen 1969) [Hypomnemata, Heft 23].
Koenig, I., Die Gallischen Usurpatoren von Postumus bis Tetricus (München BDR 1981) [Vestigia, 31].
Kostial, M., Kriegerisches Rom? Zur Frage von Unvermeidbarkeit und Normalität militärischer Konflikte in der römischen Politik (Stuttgart 1995) [Palingenesia, 55].
Le Bohec, Y., The Imperial Roman Army ([L' armée romaine sous le haut empire (Paris 1989); London 1994).
Le Bohec, Yann, "Épigraphie latine et armée romaine dans l' histoire du Haut-Empire," Epigraphie et histoire (1998) 153-171.
Le Bohec, Yann, "Bibliographie de l' armée romaine: vingt-cinq ans de recherche (1977-2002), Revue des études militaires anciennes 2 (2005)
Lendon, J. E., Soldiers and Ghosts. A History of Battle in Classical Antiquity (New Haven: Yale University Press 2006).
Le Roux, P., L' armée romaine et l' organisation des provinces ibériques d' Auguste à l' invasion de 409 (Paris 1982).
Le Roux, P., "L' armée romaine sous les Sévères," ZPE 94 (1992) 261-268.
Le Roux, Patrick, "H.-G. Pflaum, l'armée romaine et l'empire," S. Demougin et al. (edd.), H.-G. Pflaum: un historien du XXe siècle (Genève: Droz 2006) 157-187.
Lomas, Kathryn, Rome and the Western Greeks, 350 B.C.- A.D. 200: Conquest and Acculturation in Southern Italy (NY Routledge 1993).
Loreto, Luigi, Guerra e libertà nella Repubblica romana (Roma, 1999 ).
Loreto, Luigi, Il bellum iustum e i suoi equivoci (Napoli, 2001).
MacGeorge, Penny, Late Roman Warlords (Oxford 2002) [Oxford Classical Monographs].
MacMullen, Ramsay, "How Big was the Roman Army?" Klio 62 (1980) 451-460.
Marin y Peña, M. Instituciones militares romanas (Madrid 1956) [Enciclopedia clasica, II].
Mattern, Susan P., Rome and the Enemy. Roman Imperial Strategy in the Principate (1999).
Mayor, Adrienne, Greek Fire, Poison Arrows, and Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World (Overlook Duckworth 2003).
Millar, Fergus, The Emperor in the Roman World (London: Duckworth 1977).
Montagu, John Drogo, Greek and Roman Warfare: Battles, Tactics and Trickery (London: Greenhill 2006).
Morgan, Gwyn, 69 AD: The Year of the Four Emperors
Naco, Tony and Isaias Arrayas (editors), War and Territory in the Roman World (Oxford: John and Erica Hedges 2006) [BAR International Series, 1530].
Osgood, Josiah, Caesar's Legacy: Civil War and the Emergence of the Roman Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006).
Peddie, John, The Roman War Machine (Dover, N.H.: Stroud 1994).
Phang, Sara Elise, Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principatge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2008).
Planck, D. (ed.) Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms, III (Stuttgart 1986).
Pohl, H., Die römische Politik und die Piraterie im östlichen Mittelmeer von 3. bis zum 1. Jh. v. Chr. (Berlin/New York 1993)
Raaflaub, K., and Rosenstein, N., War and Society in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds (Cambridge: Harvard 2001).
Reddé, Michel and Jacky Bénard, L' armée romaine en Gaule (Paris: Editions Errance 1996)
Rich, John, and Graham Shipley (edd.), War and Society in the Roman World (NY/London: Routledge 1993) [Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society, 5] (12 papers).
Roman Frontier Studies, 1969. Eighth International Congress of Limesforschung (edd. Eric Briley, Brian Dobson, Michael Jarrett) (Cardiff 1974).
Rosenstein, N., Imperatores victi. Military Defeat and Aristocratic Competition in the Middle and Late Republic (Berkeley/Los Angeles 1990).
Sancery, J., Galba, ou l' armée face au pouvoir (Paris 1983).
Sordi, Marta (ed.), Guerra e diritto nel mondo greco e romano (2002).
Speidel, Michael, Roman Army Studies, Volume I (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben 1984) [37 papers]; II (1992).
Sotgiu, G., "Treboniano Gallo, Ostiliano, Volusiano, Emiliano (1960-1971)," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.2(Berlin/NY 1975) 798-802.
Sotgiu, G., "Aureliano (1960-1972)," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.2 (Berlin/NY 1975) 1039-1061.
Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms. Vorträge des 6. Internationalen Limeskongresses in Süddeutschland (Köln 1967).
Stäcker, Jan, Princeps und miles. Studien zum Bindungs- und Nahverhältnis von Kaiser und Soldat im 1. und 2. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (Hildesheim: Olms-Weidmann 2003) [Speudasmata, 91].
Swift, L. J., "War and the Christian Conscience, I. The Early Years," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 23.1(Berlin/NY 1984) 835-868.
Vetters, Hermann & Manfred Kandler (edd.), Akten des 14. Internationalen Kimeskongresses, 1986, in Carnuntum (Wien: Österr. Akad. der Wissenschaften 1990).
Webster, Graham, The Roman Imperial Army 2nd ed. (London 1979).
Wells, Colin, The German Policy of Augustus (Oxford 1972).
Wheeler, E., " Methodological Limits and the Mirage of Roman Strategy," Journal of Military History (January and April 1993) 7-41 and 215-240.
Whittaker, C. R., Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins 1994).
Whittaker, C. R., Rome and its Frontiers. The Dynamics of Empire (NY/London: Routledge 2004).
Wierschowski, L., Heer und Wirtschaft. Das römische Heer des Prinzipätszeit als Wirtschaftsfaktor (Bonn 1984).
Wilkes, J. J. (ed.), Documenting the Roman Army. Essays in Honour of Margaret Roxan (London: Institute of Classical Studies 2003). [review: L. Brice BMCR (2004).]

TEXTS

Ammianus Marcellinus, Rerum gestarum Libri (Latin) [InterText]
Epitome de Caesaribus (in Latin)
Epitome of Aurelius Victor , de Caesaribus (in English) [Thomas Banchich, Canisius College]
Caesar works in Latin.
Caesar works in English.
Cassius Dio, Roman History (English) [Lacus Curtius]
Cornelius Nepos, biographies (in Latin).
Eutropius , Breviarium ab urbe condita (Latin)
L. Annaeus Florus , Epitome of Titus Livius (in Latin).
Frontinus, Stratagemata [Latin, English] (Bill Thayer, U. Kentucky)
Isidore of Seville, Etymologies Book 9, Book 18 (Latin) [Bill Thayer, Lacus Curtius]
Scholarly Resources for the Study of Flavius Josephus (York University).
Livy, ab urbe condita (in Latin ) (in English)
Notitia Dignitatum (Latin text: Seeck)
Notitia Dignitatum (Prof. Ingo Maier)
Plutarch, "Life of Julius Caesar [Bill Thayer, Lacus Curtius]
Polybius (English) [Bill Thayer, Lacus Curtius]
Sallust (Latin) [The Latin Library]
Tacitus, The Annals. (English)
Tacitus, The Histories . (English)
Tacitus, The Life of Julius Agricola (English)
Vegetius, Epitoma Rei Militaris (Latin Text)
Velleius Paterculus History (in Latin)
Trajan's Column (McMaster U.)
Appian, Histoire romaine Tome VII. Livre XII. La Guerre de Mithridate (ed. P. Goukowsky) [Collection des Universités de France] (2000).
Appian, Histoire romaine Tome II. Livre VI. L' Ibérique (ed. P. Goukowsky) [Collection des Universités de France] (1997).
Appian, Histoire romaine Tome III. Livre VII. Le Livre d' Annibal (ed. D. Gaillard) (1998).
Appian, Histoire romaine Tome IV. Livre VIII. Le Livre africain (ed. P. Goukowsky, et S. Lancel) [Collection des Universités de France] (2001).
Austin, N. J. E., Ammianus on warfare. An investigation into Ammianus' military knowledge (Bruxelles, 1979).
Baldwin, Barry, "The de rebus bellicis," Eirene 16 (1978) 23-39.
Barnes, T. D., Ammianus Marcellinus and the Representation of Historical Reality (Ithaca: Cornell 1998). [ review: Robin Seager ]
Bird, H.W. (trans., comm.), Eutropius: Breviarium (Liverpool University Press 1993) [Translated Texts for Historians, 14.] [review: Clifford Ando, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 04.06.15]
Birley, Eric, "The Dating and Character of the tract De munitionibus castrorum," Romanitas-Christianitas (1982) 277-281.
Birley, Eric, "The Dating of Vegetius and the Historia Augusta," Bonner Historia-Augusta-Colloquium, 1982-83 (1985) 57-67.
Birley, R., Roman Records from Vindolanda on Hadrian's Wall (Carvoran: Roman Army Museum Publications 1999).
Boeft, J. den; J.W. Drijvers, D. den Hengst; and H.C. Teitler (editors and commentators), Philological and Historical Commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXVI (Leiden and Boston: E. J. Brill 2008)
Bowman, A.K. & J. D. Thomas, "The new Writing Tablets from Vindolanda," Britannia 27 (1996) 299-328.
Bowman, Alan K., and A. D. Thomas, The Vindolanda Writing Tablets (London 1994).
Campbell, Brian, Greek and Roman Military Writers. Selected Readings (NY/London: Routledge 2004).
Daris, Sergio, Documenti per la storia dell' esercito romano in Egitto (Milan 1964) [Pubblicazioni. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Contributi. Serie terza, Scienze storiche 9.]
Daris, Sergio, "Documenti minori dell' esercito romano in Egitto," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 10.1 (Berlin/NY 1988) 724-742.
De Blois, Lukas, "Volk und Soldaten bei Cassius Dio," ANRW 2. 34. 3 (1997) 2650-2676.
Fink, Robert O., Roman Military Records on Papyrus (Cleveland 1971) [APA Monograph 26.].
Gabba, Emilio, Per la storia dell' esercito romano in età imperiale (Bologna: Patron 1974).
Gilliver, K. M., Caesar's Gallic Wars, 58-50 B.C. (NY Routledge 2003).
Goldsworthy, Adrian, Caesar's Gallic Wars, 58-50 B.C. (NY Routledge 2003).
Gichon, M., "Aspects of A Roman Army in War according to the Bellum Judaicum of Josephus," P. Freeman and David Kennedy (edd.), The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East. Proceedings of a colloquium held at the University of Sheffield in April 1986 (BAR International Series 297(i) 1986) 287-310.
Gilliam , J. F., "Ammianus and the Historia Augusta. The lost books and the period 117-285," Bonner-Historia-Augusta-Colloquium, 1970 (1972) 125-147.
Giuffrè, Vincenzo, La letteratura "de re militari": Appunti per una storia degli ordinamenti militari (Napoli: Jovene 1974).
Goodburn, R. & Bartholomwe, P. (edd.) Aspects of the 'Notitia Dignitatum' (Oxford 1976).
Bendz, Gerhard (ed.), Frontin. Kriegslisten (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1978).
De rebus bellicis: Part I: Papers (ed. M.W.C. Hassall (BAR International Series 63, 1979); Part II: Text (ed. R.I. Ireland).
Lang, C. (ed.), Vegetius: Epitoma rei militaris (Stuttgart: Teubner 1885 [1967]).
Le Bohec, Yann, "Stratégie et tactique dans les livres V et VI du « De bello Gallico »," REL 79 (2001) 70-92.
Le Bohec, Yann, César, chef de guerre (2001).
Liddle, Aidan (tr.), Arrian. Periplus Ponti Euxini (London: Bristol Classical Press 2003).
Loreto, Luigi, "Pensare la guerra in Cesare," La cultura in Cesare I (1993) 239-343.
Loreto, Luigi, La lunga guerra civile / Pseudo-Cesare ; introd., testo critico, trad. e commento storico-militare (Milano, 2001).
Mason, Steve, The Life of Josephus. Translation and Commentary (2001) [Flavius Josephus, 9]. [review: D. C. Stoutenbut]
Pelling, Christopher, Plutarch and History (2001).
Reeve, M.D. (ed.), Vegetius. Epitoma rei militaris (Oxford: OUP 2004) [OCT].
Saddington, D. B., "Tacitus and the Roman Army," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 33.5 (Berlin/NY 1991) 3484-3555.
Salamone, Grazia, L' imperatore e l'esercito. Tipi monetali di età roamno-imperiale (Reggio Calabria: Falzea Editore 2004) [Semata e signa, 2.]
Sasel Kos, Marjeta, "Appian and Dio on the Illyrian wars of Octavian," Ziva Antika 47 (1997) 187-198.
Saxtorph, N. M. and C.G. Tortzen, "Acies contra Alanos: Arrian on Military Tactics," Ancient History Matters (ed. K. Ascani, V. Gabrielsen, K.Kvist, A. Rasmusen) (2002) [Analecta Romana Instituti Danici, Supplementa, 30].
Schepers, Guido, "Polybius on the Punic Wars," Punic Wars (ed. H. Devijver & E. Lipinski) (Leuver 1989) .
Seeck, Otto (ed.), Notitia Dignitatum (Berlin 1876).
Sherk, R. K., "Roman Geographical Exploration and Military Maps," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 1(Berlin/NY 1974) 534.562.
Smith, P., Scipio Africanus and Rome's Invasion of Africa. A Historical Commentary on Titus Livius, Book XXIX (J. Gieben 1993) [McGill University Monographs in Classical Archaeology and History, 13].
Szidat, Joachim, Historischer Kommentar zu Ammianus Marcellinus I (1977) II (1981) III ( Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 1996) [Historia Einzelschriften, 89]

LEGIONS

Le Bohec, Yann and Catherine Wolff (edd.), Les légions de Rome sous le Haut-Empire: actes du congrès de Lyon (17-19 septembre 1998) 2 vv. (Paris: E. de Boccard 2000) [Collection du Centre d' études romaines et gallo-romaines; nouvelle série 20].
Parker, H.M.D. The Roman Legions revised edition (Cambridge 1958)
Alföldy, G., "Zu den Inschriften der Legio VII Augusta in Dalmatien," Vjesnik za Arheologiju i Historiju Dalmatinsku 82 (1989) 201-207.
Breeze, David J., "The Organization of the Legion: The First Cohort and the Equites Legionis," Journal of Roman Studies 59 (1969) 50-55.
Breeze, David J., "Pay Grades and Ranks below the Centurionate," Journal of Roman Studies 61 (1971) 130-135.
Breeze, David J., "The Organization of the Career Structure of the immunes and principales of the Roman Army," Bonner Jahrbücher 174 (1974) 245-292.
Breeze, David, J., "The Flag of Legion II Augusta on the Bridgness Distance Slab," David J. Breeze and Brian Dobson, Roman Officers and Frontiers (Stuttgart 1993) 78-87.
Breeze, David J., "The Rome Cohorts and the Legionary Centurionate," Breeze, David J., and Brian Dobson, Roman Officers and Frontiers (Stuttgart 1993) 88-112.
Brewer, Richard J. (ed.), Roman Legions and their Fortresses [Occasional Papers of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London, 20] (2000).
Brewer, Richard J. (ed.), Birthday of the Eagle. The Second Augustan Legion and the Roman Military Machine (Cardiff 2002). [Review: S. Torbatov, ArchBulg 7 (2003) 95-98.]
Comfort, A., "Legio IIII Scythica," ZPE 138 (2002) 275-276.
Cosme, Pierre, "Qui commandait l' armée romaine?" S. Demougin et al. (edd.), H.-G. Pflaum: un historien du XXe siècle (Genève: Droz 2006) 137-156.
Dando-Collins, Stephen, Caesar's Legion: The Epic Saga of Julius Caesar's Elite Tenth Legion and the Armies of Rome:
Domaszewski, A. von, Die Rangordnung des römischen Heeres 2nd ed. edited by Brian Dobson (1968).
Feig Vishnia, R., "The Shadow Army: The Lixae and the Roman Legions," ZPE 139 (2002) 265-272.
Herz, Peter, "Der centurio supernumerarius und die annona militaris," Laverna 10 (1999) 165-184.
Holder, Paul A., "Exercitus pius fidelis," ZPE 128 (1999) 237-250.
Granino Cecere, M. G., "La Legio X Gemina e la rivolta di L. Antonius Saturninus," ZPE 131 (2000) 207-212.
Junkelmann, M., Die Legionen des Augustus: Der römische Soldat im archäologischen Experiment (Mainz 1986) (9th ed. 2003) [Kulturgeschichte der antiken Welt, 33.].
Keppie, L.J.F., "Legions in the East from Augustus to Trajan," The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East ed. Philip Freeman and David Kennedy (BAR International Series, 297(i), 1986), 411-429.
Mann, J. C., "A Note on Legion IV Italica," ZPE 126 (1999) 228.
Kramer, Johannes, "Die Wiener Liste von Soldaten der III und XXII. Legion," ZPE 97 (1993) 147-158.
Le Bohec, Y., "Notes prosopographiques sur la Legio III Augusta," ZPE 31 (1978) 188-192.
Pangerl, A., Eck. W., MacDonald, D., "Neue Militärdiplome für Truppen in Italien: Legio II Adiutrix, Flotten und Prätorianer," ZPE 139 (2002) 195-207.
Saddington, D. B., "An Augustan Officer in the Roman Army," in J. J. Wilkes (ed.), Documenting the Roman Army. Essays in Honour of Margaret Roxan (London: Institute of Classical Studies 2003). [Velleius Paterculus]
Sasel Kos, M., "The 15^th Legion at Emona. Some Thoughts," ZPE 109 (1995) 227-244.
Saxer, Robert, Untersuchungen zu den Vexillationen des römischen Kaiserheeres von Augustus bis Diokletian (Köln: Boehlau 1967) [Epigraphische Studien, I]
Sekunda, Nicholas, Hellenistic Infantry Reform in the 160's B. C. (2001) [Studies in the History of Ancient and Medieval Art of Warfare, 5.].
Sijpesteijn, P.N., "Die legio nona Hispana in Nimwegen," ZPE 111 (1996) 281-282.
Speidel, Michael P., The Framework of an Imperial Legion (Cardiff 1992).
Speidel, Michael P., "Legio IV Scythica," Le Bohec and Wolff (edd.), Les légions de Rome sous le Haut-Empire (Paris 2000) Tome I, pp. 327-339.
Wilkes, J. J., "The Legions in the Principate: updating Ritterling," Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002) 528-536.
Roman Army (Brueggeman)

AUXILIA

Alföldy, G., Die Hilfstruppen in der römischen Provinz Germania Inferior (Düsseldorf 1968).
Alföldy, G., "Ein praefectus der cohors VI Nerviorum in Britannia," Hommages à Marcel Renard II (Bruxelles 1969) 3-6.
Alföldy, G., "Ein Soldat des britannischen Heeres aus Madauros (I Lat Alg I 2203)," in A. Mastino (ed.), L' Africa romani. Atti del VI convegno di studio Sassari, 1988 (Sassari 1989) 135-145.
Baillie Reynolds, P.K., The Vigiles of Imperial Rome (Oxford 1926).
Biancardi, M., La cavalleria romana del principato nelle province occidentali dell' impero (2004).
Birley, A. R., "The Commissioning of Equestrian Officers," in J. J. Wilkes (ed.), Documenting the Roman Army. Essays in Honour of Margaret Roxan (London: Institute of Classical Studies 2003).
Birley, E., "Alae named after their commanders," Anc Soc 9 (1978) 257-273.
Birley, E., "Local militiae in the Roman Empire," Bonner Historia-Augusta Colloquium 1972-1974 (1976) 65-73.
Birley, E., "A Roman Altar from Old Kilpatrick and Interim Commanders of Auxiliary Units," Latomus 42 (1983) 73-83.
Breeze, David J., "Cavalry on Frontiers," David J. Breeze and Brian Dobson, Roman Officers and Frontiers (Stuttgart 1993) 288-297.
Cavenaile R., "Cohors I Hispanorum equitata et Cohors I Hispanorum veterana," ZPE 18 (1975) 179-191.
Clauss, Manfred, "Zu Datierung stadtrömischer Inschriften. Tituli militum praetorianorum," Epigraphica 35 (1973) 55-95.
Daris, Sergio, "Le truppe ausiliarie romane in Egitto," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 10.1 (Berlin/NY 1988) 743-746.
Dixon, Karen R. and Pat Southern, The Roman Cavalry (London 1992).
Dabrowa, E., "Les troupes auxiliaires de l' armée romaine en Syrie au I siècle de nôtre ère," DHA 5 (1979) 233-254.
Durry, M., Les cohortes prétoriennes (Paris 1938).
Echols, E., "The Provincial Urban Cohorts," Classical Journal 57 (1961) 25-28.
Feig Vishnia, R., "The Shadow Army: The Lixae and the Roman Legions," ZPE 139 (2002) 265-272.
Frank, R.I., Scholae Palatinae. The Palace Guards of the Later Roman Empire (Rome 1969).
Freis, Helmut, Die Cohortes Urbanae (Köln 1967) [Epigraphische Studien, 21].
Hanel, N., "Ein Ziegelstempel der cohors XV voluntariorum C.R. aus der tegularia transrhenana im Flottenlager Köln-Marienburg (Alteburg)," ZPE 139 (2002) 293-296.
Herz, Peter, "Die Ala Parthorum et Araborum. Bemerkungen zur römischen Heeresgeschichte," Germania 60 (1982) 173-182.
Holder, Paul I., The Auxilia from Augustus to Trajan (Oxford 1980) [B.A.R. International Series, 70].
Holder, P. A., "Auxiliary Units entitled Aelia," ZPE 122 (1998) 253-262.
Holder, P. A., "Auxiliaria," ZPE 131 (2000) 213-218.
Holder, P. A., "Two Commanders of ala Phrygum," ZPE 140 (2002) 287-295.
Holder, P. A., "Auxiliary Deployment in the Reign of Hadrian," in J. J. Wilkes (ed.), Documenting the Roman Army. Essays in Honour of Margaret Roxan (London: Institute of Classical Studies 2003).
Junkelmann, M., Die Reiter Roms, I: Reise, Jagd, Triumph und Cursusrennen (Mainz 1990).
Junkelmann, M., Die Reiter Roms, II: Der militärische Einsatz (Mainz 1991).
Junkelmann, M., Die Reiter Roms, III: Zubehor, Reitweise, Bewaffnung (Mainz 1992)
Junkelmann, M., Reiter wie Statuen aus Erz (Mainz: Philipp von Zabern 1996).
Kemkes, M. & J. Scheuerbrandt, Zwischen Patrouille und Parade: Die römische Reiterei am Limes (Stuttgart 1997) [Schriften des Limesmuseums Aalen, 51.]
Kennedy, D., "Ala Phrygum and Ala VII Phrygum," ZPE 118 (1997) 300-304.
Kovacs, P., "A numerus III Thracum in Pannonia Inferior?" ZPE 121 (1998) 287-290.
Le Bohec, Yann, "L'ala Flauia » ou ala I Flauia Numidica »," LibAnt 15-16 (1978-1979) 139-151.
Le Bohec Y., "Les auxiliaires de la Troisième Légion Auguste," BCTH 12-14 (1976-1978) 109-122.
Le Bohec, Yann, "Coh. XVII Lugduniensis ad monetam »," Latomus 56 (1997) 811-818.
Leglay, M., "Le commandement des cohortes voluntariorum de l' armée romaine," AncSoc 3 (1972) 209-221.
Lörincz, Barnabás, "Zur Herkunft eines Soldaten der cohors I Augusta Ituraeorum," ZPE 95 (1993) 297-299.
McCall, Jeremiah B., The Cavalry of the Roman Republic: Cavalry Combat and Elite Reputations in the Middle and Late Republic (NY: Routledge 2001).
Panciera, Silvio, "Equites singulares Augusti. Nuove testimonianze epigrafiche," Epigrafi, Epigrafia, Epigrafisti. Scritti vari editi e inediti (1956-2005) (Roma: Edizioni Quasar 2006), V,9.
Panciera, Silvio,"Genio castrorum peregrinorum" Epigrafi, Epigrafia, Epigrafisti. Scritti vari editi e inediti (1956-2005) (Roma: Edizioni Quasar 2006), V,17.
Panciera, Silvio,"Castra peregrina: vecchi e nuovi documenti epigrafici," Epigrafi, Epigrafia, Epigrafisti. Scritti vari editi e inediti (1956-2005) (Roma: Edizioni Quasar 2006), V,21.
Ricci, Cecilia, Soldati delle milizie urbane fuori di Roma (Roma, 1994).
Roxan, Margaret, "The Auxilia of Mauretania Tingitana," Latomus 32 (l973) 838-855.
Roxan, M., "A Military Diploma of A.D. 85 for the Rome Cohorts," ZPE 96 (1993) 67-74.
Roxan, M., "The Hierarchy of the Auxilia," Le Bohec, Yann (ed.), La hiérarchie (Rangordnung) de l' armée romaine sous le haut-empire: actes du congrès de Lyon (15-18 septembre 1994) (Paris: E. de Boccard 1995) 139-146.
Sablayrolles, R., Libertinus Miles. Les cohortes de Vigiles (Paris 1996) [Collection de l' Ecole française de Rome, 224.].
Saddington, Denis B., "The Sorts of Names used by Auxiliaries in the Early Principate," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Saddington, D. B., The Development of teh Roman Auxiliary Forces from Caesar to Vespasian (49 B.C.–A. D. 79) (Harare 1982).
Saddington, D. B., "A Context for a Dedication by Five Cavalry Regiments to a Cornelius Scipio in Rome?" ZPE 104 (1994) 73-77.
Saddington, D. B., "An Ala Tungrorum?" ZPE 138 (2002) 273-274.
Spaul, J., ALA 2. The Auxiliary Cavalry Units in the pre-Diocletianic Imperial Roman Army (Andover 1994).
Spaul, J., Cohors 2: The Evidence for, and a Short History of, the Auxiliary Infantry Units of the Imperial Roman Army (Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 2000).
Speidel, Michael P., "Pedites Singulares," RE Supplementband XIV(1974) 371-375.
Speidel, Michael P., The Guards of the Roman Armies (1978). [Review: G. Alföldy, Latomus 39 (1980) 262-264.]
Speidel, Michael P., "A Latin Papyrus with a Recruit's Request for Service in the Auxiliary Cohorts," JEA 74 (1988) 242-244.
Speidel, Michael P., Riding for Caesar: The Roman Emperors' Horse Guards (Cambridge: Harvard 1994).
Speidel, Michael P. Die Denkmäler der Kaiserreiter (Bonn 1993).
Speidel, Michael Alexander, "Kampanische Kohorte und Legionsreiter," Festschrift Hans Lieb (1995) 123-132.
Woods, D., "Flavius Felix and the signum of the numerus Divitiensium ," ZPE 156 (2006) 242-244.

OFFICERS, CENTURIONS, OPTIONES

Absil, Michel, Les Préfets du prétoire d' Auguste a Commode: 2 av. J.-C.–192 ap. J.-C. (1997) [De l' archéologie à l' histoire]
Alföldy, G., "Die Generalität des römischen Heeres, Bonner Jahrbücher 169 (1969) 233-246.
Alföldy, G., Die Legionslegaten der römischen Rheinarmee (Köln 1967).
Alföldy, G., Fasti Hispanienses. Senatorische Reichsbeamte und Offiziere in den spanischen Provinzen des römischen Reiches von Augustus bis Diokletian (Wiesbaden 1969).
Alföldy, G., "Die Senatorischen Kommandeure der Legio VII Gemina," Legio VII Gemina (1970) 383-399.
Alföldy, G., & Halfmann, H., "M. Cornelius Nigrinus Curiatus Maternus, General Domitians und Rivale Trajans," Chiron 3 (1973) 331-373.
Alföldy, G., & Halfmann, H., "Iunius Maximus und die victoria Parthica," ZPE 35 (1979) 195-212.
Alföldy, G., "Die Truppenkommandeure in den Militärdiplomen," in W. Eck & H. Wolff (edd.) Heer und Integrationspolitik (Köln-Wien 1986) 385-436.
Arnaud, P., and F. Gayet, "Épitaphe d' un a quaestionibus du préfet du prétoire à Carros (Alpes-Maritimae)," Revue des études militaires anciennes 2 (2005)
Baillie Reynolds, P.K., "The Troops quartered in the Castra Peregrinorum," Journal of Roman Studies 13 (1923) 168-189.
Biancardi, M., La cavalleria romana del principato nelle province occidentali dell' impero (2004).
Birley, Anthony, "Senators as Generals," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Birley, Eric, "The Origins of Legionary Centurions," Roman Britain and the Roman Army (Kendal 1953)
Birley, Eric, "Alae and Cohortes Milliariae, " Corolla Memoriae Erich Swoboda dedicata (Graz 1966) 54-67.
Birley, Eric, "A Legionary Legate at Vindonissa," ZPE 61 (1985) 234-236.
Breeze, David J., and Brian Dobson, Roman Officers and Frontiers (Stuttgart 1993).
Breeze, David J., "The Career Structure below the Centurionate during the Principate," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.1 (Berlin/NY 1974) 435-451.
Breeze, David J., "The Organisation of the Career Structure of the Immunes and Principales of the Roman Army," Bonner Jahrbücher 174 (1974) 245-292.
Breeze, David J., "The Rome Cohorts and the Legionary Centurionate," Breeze, David J., and Brian Dobson, Roman Officers and Frontiers (Stuttgart 1993) 88-112.
Breeze, David, "Pay Grades and Ranks below the Centurionate," Journal of Roman Studies 61 (1971) 130-135.
Christol, M., "Sur quelques centurions de la légion IIIa Augusta," ZPE 103 (1994) 181-187.
Clauss, M., Untersuchungen zu den principales des römischen Heeres von Augustus bus Diocletian: Cornicularii, Speculatores, Frumentarii (Diss. Rhur-Universität; Bochum 1973), 17-40; 46-55; 59-77; 82-113 [U 35 .C574u].
Clauss, Manfred, "Frumentarius Augusti," Chiron 10 (1980) 1-33.
Davies, R.W., "The Daily Life of the Roman Soldier under the Principate," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.1 (Berlin/NY 1974) 299-338: "Duties of Officers and Men," 305-310; "Administration," 312-314.
DeBlois, Lukas, Administration, Prosopography and Appointment Policies in the Roman Empire. Proceedings of the First Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 27 B.C.-A.D. 406) (Amsterdam: J. Gieben/Brill 2001).
Devijver, H., "Equestrian Officers from the East," The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East ed. Philip Freeman and David Kennedy (BAR International Series, 297(i), 1986), 109-225.
Dabrowa, Edward, "The commanders of Syrian legions, 1^st–3^rd c. A.D.," in D. Kennedy (ed.), The Roman Army in the East (Ann Arbor: U. Michigan 1996), 277-296.
Dise, Robert L., "Functions of beneficiarii consularis," Ancient History Bulletin 9 (1995) 72-85.
Dise, Robert L., "Variation in Roman Administrative Practice: The Assignments of Beneficiarii Consularis ," ZPE 116 (1997) 284-299.
Dobson, Brian, "The significance of the Centurion and Primipilaris in the Roman Army and Administration," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II, 1 (1974) 392-434.
Dobson, Brian, "Legionary Centurion or Equestrian Officer? A Comparison of Pay and Prospects," Ancient Society 3 (1972) 193-207.
Dobson, Brian, Die Primipilares. Entwicklung und Bedeutung, Laufbahnen und Persönlichkeiten eines römischen Offiziersranges (Bonn 1978).
Dobson, Brian, "The Rangordnung of the Roman Army," Actes VII Congr. International d' épigraphie (1979) 191-204.
Dobson, Brian, "Praefectus Castrorum Aegypti. A Reconsideration," CE 57 no. 114 (1982) 322-337.
Dobson, Brian, "The Praefectus Fabrum in the early Principate," Roman Officers and Frontiers (1993) 218-241.
Dobson, Brian, "The Significance of the Centurion and primipilaris in the Roman Army and Administration," Roman Officers and Frontiers (1993) 143-185.
Dobson, Brian, "The Bibliography of Rangordnung," La hiérarchie (Rangordnung) de l' armée romaine sous le haut-empire: actes du congrès de Lyon (15-18 septembre 1994) (Paris: E. de Boccard 1995) 41-46.
Dobson, Brian, "The Primipilares in Army and Society," Gedenkschrift E. Birley (G. Alföldy, B. Dobson, W. Eck edd.) (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2000) 139-152.
Dobson, Brian, "The Centurionate and Social Mobility during the Principate,"
Dobson, Brian and Breeze, D., "The Rome Cohorts and the Legionary Centurionate," Epigraphische Studien 8 (1969) 100-124 [DD 53 .A2E64 no.8]
Dobson, Brian, "The Significance of the Centurion and 'Primipilaris' in the Roman Army and Administration," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.1 (Berlin/NY 1974) 392-434.
Devijver, Hubert, "The Roman Army in Egypt (with special reference to the Militiae Equestres)," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.1 (Berlin/NY 1974) 452-492, especially 459-464.
Devijver, Hubert, The Equestrian Officers of the Roman Army 2 vols. (Amsterdam 1989, 1992).
Dubuisson, Michel, "Renseignements, espionnagae et services secrets dans l' armée romaine," Ktéma 21 (1996) 305-312.
Egger, R., Das Praetorium als Amtssitz und Quartier römischer Spitzenfunktionäre (1966).
Franke, Thomas, Die Legionslegaten der römischen Armee in der Zeit von Augustus bis Traian (Bochum 1991).
Frere, S. S., "Hyginus and the First Cohort," Britannia 11 (1980) 51-60.
Gabba, E., "Il generale dell' esercito romano nel 1 secolo a. C.," Sordi, (ed.), Guerra e diritto nel mondo greco e romano (2002).
Gilliam, J. F., "Another prefect in a cohors voluntariorum," Ancient Society 3 (1972) 222.
Gilliam, J. F., "An ab epistulis Graecis and praefectus Vigilum from Egypt," Mélanges William Seston (1974) 217-225.
Herz, Peter, "Neue Benefiziarier-Altäre aus Mainz," ZPE 22 (1976) 191-199.
Herz, Peter, "Der praefectus annonae und die Wirtschaft der westlichen Provinzen," Ktema 13 (1988) 69-85.
Holder, P. A., "Auxiliaria," ZPE 131 (2000) 213-218.
Jarrett, Michael G., An Album of the Equestrians from North Africa in the Emperor's Service [Epigraphische Studien 9 (1972)].
Lacey, R. H., The Equestrian Officials of Trajan and Hadrian (Princeton 1917).
Loreto, Luigi, Commando militare nelle province procuratorie, 30 a.c. - 280 d. C. Dimensione militare e dimensione costituzionale (2000).
Le Bohec, Y., "Les centurions des chevaliers romains," REA 77 (1975) 108-124.
Le Bohec, Yann (ed.), La hiérarchie (Rangordnung) de l' armée romaine sous le haut-empire: actes du congrès de Lyon (15-18 septembre 1994) (Paris: E. de Boccard 1995)
Leglay, M., "Le commandement des cohortes voluntariorum de l' armée romaine," AncSoc 3 (1972) 209-221.
Mann, J. C., "Roman Legionary Centurial Symbols," ZPE 115 (1997) 295-298.
Mikulcic I., "Grabstein eines praefectus castrorum aus Scupi," ZAnt 21 (1971) 663-667.
Nelis Clément, Joceline, "Le monde des dieux chez les beneficiarii," Der römische Weihebezirk von Osterburken II (1994) 251-260.
Nelis Clement, J. Les Beneficiarii. Militaires et administrateurs au service de l' Empire (1er s. a. C. - VIe s. p.C.) (Paris 2000) [Etudes, 5]
Nelis-Clément, Jocelyne ; Wiblé, François & Bossert, M., "Aurelius Maximianus, bénéficiaire en poste à Martigny-Forum Claudii Vallensium ? " Vallesia 51 (1996) 271-309.
Ott, J., Die Benefiziarier. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Stellung innerhalb der Rangordnung des römischen Heeres und zu ihrer Funktion (Stuttgart 1995) [Historia. Einzelschriften, 92.]. [Review: JRA 12 (1999) 675.]
Panciera, Silvio, "Centurionato e promozione sociale in provincia. A proposito di un cavaliere romano di sedici anni a Salonicco," Epigrafi, Epigrafia, Epigrafisti. Scritti vari editi e inediti (1956-2005) (Roma: Edizioni Quasar 2006), V,22.
Pavkovic, Michael F., "Singulares Legati Legionis: Guards of a Legionary Legate or a Provincial Governor?" ZPE 103 (1994) 223-228.
Petolescu, C.C., "Nouvelles remarques sur la carrière militaire équestre de T. Antonius Claudius Alfenus Arignotus," ZPE 110 (1996) 253-258.
Rankov, B., "Beneficiarii and the Reality of Roman Bureaucracy," Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002) 524-528.
Richier, Olivier, Centuriones ad Rhenum. Les centurions légionnaires des armées romaines du Rhin (Paris: E. de Boccard 2004) [Gallia Romana, VI.]
Ruggieri, P., "Un signifer della Cohors Ligurum in Sardegna," ZPE 101 (1994) 193-196.
Sasel Kos, Marjeta, "The beneficiarii consularis at Praetorium Latobicorum," Festschrift Hans Lieb (1995) 149-170.
Sasel Kos, M., "The beneficiarii at Neviodunum reconsidered," Epigraphica 57 (1995) 271-278.
Schleussner, B., Die Legaten der römischen Republik (München: Beck 1978).
Sinnigen, W. G., "The origins of the frumentarii," Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 27 (1962) 213-224.
Speidel, Michael P., "Princeps as a Title for ad hoc Commanders," Britannia 12 (1981) 7-13.
Speidel, Michael P., Eagle-bearer and trumpeter (Bonn: Rheinisches Landesmuseum 1976). [reprint from Bonner Jahrbücher 176 (1976) 123-163.]
Speidel, Michael P., "Centurions promoted from Beneficiarii," ZPE 91 (1992) 229-232.
Speidel, Michael Alexander, "Miles ex cohorte," ZPE 95 (1993) 190-196.
Speidel, Michael P., "A Guardsman as Officer of Irregulars," ZPE 103 (1994) 215-216.
Speidel, Michael P., "The Tribunes' Choice in the Promotion of Centurions," ZPE 100 (1994) 469-470.
Speidel, Michael P., "A Guardsman as Officer of Irregulars. A singularis consularis promoted to Centurion or Decurion of a Numerus," ZPE 103 (1994) 215-216.
Stoll, O., "Ordinatus Architectus: Roman Military Architects and their Importance for the Transfer of Technology," Römisches Heer und Gesellschaft (Stuttgart 2001) 300-368.
Stoll, O., "Die Fahnenwache in der römischen Armee," ZPE 108 (1995) 107-118.
Tully, G. D., "The stratarches of Legio VI Ferrata and the Employment of Camp Prefects as Vexillation Commanders," ZPE 120 (1998) 226-232.
Turner, E. G., "Tiberius Julius Alexander," Journal of Roman Studies 44 (1954) 54-64.
Webster, Graham, "Standards and standard-bearers in the alae," Bonner Jahrbücher 186 (1986) 105-115.
Wilmanns, Juliane C., "Der Arzt in der römischen Armee der frühen und hohen Kaiserzeit," CM 27 (1995) 171-187.

RECRUITMENT AND ENLISTMENT

Enlistment Preliminaries Egypt (A.D. 51).
Enlistment Preliminaries Egypt (A. D. 92)
Cincius, on soldiers' oaths
Some Letters written by Roman soldiers (recruits to the Fleet).
Absil M. & Le Bohec Y., "La libération des soldats romains sous le haut-empire," Latomus 44 (1985) 855-870.
Birley, A., The People of Roman Britain (Berkeley/Los Angeles: U. California 1980) pp. 72-96.
Birley, Eric, "The Origins of Legionary Centurions," Roman Britain and the Roman Army (Kendal 1953).
Birley, Eric, "Britain, Pannonia and the Roman Army," Festschrift A. Betz (1985) 75-81.
Brown, Christopher L. and Philip D. Morgan (edd.), Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Modern Age (New Haven: Yale 2006).
Brunt, P., Italian Manpower, 225 B.C.--A.D. 14 (Oxford 1971), 473-512; 625-635.
Brunt, P. A., "Conscription and Volunteering in the Roman Imperial Army," Scripta Classica Israelica 1 (1974) 90-115 [a copy at UCLA: PA 1 .S434 v.1].
Brunt P. A., "C. Fabricius Tuscus and an Augustan dilectus," ZPE 13 (1974) 161-185.
Dobson, B. and Mann, J., "The Roman Army in Britain and Britons in the Roman Army," Britannia 3 (1973) 191 ff.
Forni, Giovanni, Il reclutamento delle legioni da Augusto a Diocleziano (Milano/Roma 1953).
Forni, Giovanni, "Estrazione etnica e sociale dei soldati delle legioni nei primi tre secoli dell' Impero," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.1 (Berlin/NY 1974) 339-391.
Fries, H., Die Cohortes Urbanae (Köln 1967) [Beihefte der Bonner Jahrbücher, 21].
Granino Cecere, M. G., "La legio X Gemina e la rivolta di L. Antonius Saturninus," ZPE 131 (2000) 207-212.
Grenier, A., "Le recruitment des legionnaires romaines en Narbonnaise," Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de France (1956), 35 ff.
Holder, P. A., The Auxilia from Augustus to Hadrian (1980) 5-6; 16-18; 66-68.
Jarrett, Michael G., An Album of the Equestrians from North Africa in the Emperor's Service [Epigraphische Studien 9 (1972)].
Jarrett, Michael G., "Thracian Units in the Roman Army," IEJ 19 (1969) 215-224.
Kraft, Konrad, Zur Rekruitierung der Alen und Kohorten an Rhein und Donau (Berne 1951) [Dissertationes Bernenses, I,3.].
Le Roux, P., "L' Hispania et l armée romaine. Remarques autour d' un livre de J. M. Roldán," REA 77 (1975) 140-150.
Mann, J.C., "The Raising of New Legions during the Principate," Hermes 91 (1963) 483-489.
Mann, J.C, Legionary Recruitment and Veteran Settlement during the Principate (1983).
Mirkovic M., "Die Tribus der römischen Soldaten," Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms (1986) 750-754.
Parker, H.M.D., The Roman Legions (Oxford 1928) 169-186.
Petrolescu, C.C., "Palmyreni sagittarii dan un nouveau diplôme militaire de la Dacie Supérieure," Latomus 34 (1975) 1020-1023.
Protase, D., "Troupes auxiliaires originaires des provinces germaniques dans l' armée de Dacie," Dacia 17 (1973) 323-328.
Rea, J. R., "Letter of A Recruit: P. Lond. III 982 Revised," ZPE 115 (1997) 189-193.
Sasel, J., "Zur Rekruitierung der Prätorianer," Historia 21 (1972) 474 ff.
Scheidel, Walter, "Inschriftenstatistik und die Frage des Rekrutierungsalters römischer Soldaten," Chiron 22 (1992) 281-297.
Smeesters, J., "Les Tungri dans l' armée romaine. État actuel de nos connaissances," Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms (1977) 175-186.
Speidel M., "Thracian horsemen in Egypt's Ala Veterana Gallica (P. Lond. 482)," BASP 19 (1982) 167-169.
Speidel, Michael, "Legionaries from Asia Minor," ANRW II. 7.2 (Berlin/NY 1980) 730-746.
Speidel, Michael, "Legionaries from Asia Minor," Roman Army Studies I (1984) 45-63.
Speidel, Michael, "A Thousand Thracian Recruits for Mauretania Tingitana," Ant Afr 11 (1977) 167-173.
Speidel, Michael P., "Stablesiani. The Raising of New Cavalry Units during the Crisis of the Roman Empire," Chiron 4 (1974) 341-346.
Speidel, Michael P., "The Rise of the Ethnic Units in the Roman Imperial Army," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 3 (Berlin/NY: Walter de Gruyter 1975) 202-231.
Speidel, Michael Alexander, "Kampanische Kohorte und Legionsreiter," Festschrift Hans Lieb (1995) 123-132.
Simpson, G., Britons and the Roman Army (London 1964).
Sotgiu, G., "Sardi nelle legioni e nella flotta romana," Athenaeum 39 (1961) 78-97.
Tanava, M., "Les changements dans la composition sociale de l' armée romaine (II siècle av. n. ère)," Ucënyje zapiski Tartussk. Univ. (Trudy po vostoku i drevnemu miru,2) (1977) 58-73.
Wirth, Gerhard, "Deditizier, Soldaten und Römer," BJ 197 (1997) 57-89.
Mommsen, Theodor, "Die Conscriptionsordnung der römischen Kaiserzeit," Hermes 19 (1884) 1-79 and 210-234 [=Gesammelte Schriften VI (1910) 20-117].

FINANCE

Fink, R. O., Roman Military Records on Papyrus, pp. 241-276.
Berchem, Denis van, "L' annone militaire," Mémoires de la société nationale des antiquaires de France 8e série, 10 (1937) 117-202.
Brunt, P. "Pay and Superannuation in the Roman Army," Papers of the British School at Rome 18 (1950), 50-71.
Brunt, P. A., "The 'Fiscus' and its Development," Journal of Roman Studies 56 (1966) 75-91.
Brunt, P. A., "Remarks on the imperial fiscus," Liverpool Classical Monthly 9 (1984) 2-4.
Brusin, G., "Epigrafi Aquileiesi di soldati specialmente della marina militare," Miscellanea G. Novak (1970) 563-572.
Casey, Patrick John, "Liberalitas Augusti," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Corbier, Mireille, "L' aerarium militare," in Armées et Fiscalité dans le monde antique (Paris: Editions du CNRS 1977) 197-234.
Develin, R., "The Army Pay Rises under Severus and Caracalla, and the Question of annona militaris," Latomus 30 (1971) 687-695.
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Speidel, Michael P., "The Soldiers' Servants," Anc Soc 20 (1989) 239-248.
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CAMPAIGNS, BATTLES, & MILITARY AREAS

THE WEST

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Le Bohec, Yann, "Vercingétorix," RSA 28 (1998) 85-120.
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Szidat, J., Caesars diplomatische Tätigkeit im Gallischen Krieg (Wiesbaden 1971).

BRITAIN

Caerleon: Leg. II Augusta
Birdoswald Roman Fort
Hadrian's Wall
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PUNIC WARS

Devijver Hubert & Lipinski Edward (edd.), Punic Wars : Proceedings of the Conference held in Antwerp from the 23th to the 26th of november 1988 in cooperation with the Department of History of the Universiteit Antwerpen (U.F.S.I.A.) (Leuven: Peeters 1989) .
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Smith, P., Scipio Africanus and Rome's Invasion of Africa. A Historical Commentary on Titus Livius, Book XXIX (J. Gieben 1993) [McGill University Monographs in Classical Archaeology and History, 13].

AFRICA

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Le Bohec, Yann, "L' armée et l' organisation de l' espace urbain dans l' Afrique romaine du Haut-Empire," Ant Afr 10 (1993) 313-320.
Le Bohec Y., "Les auxiliaires de la Troisième Légion Auguste," BCTH 12-14 (1976-1978) 109-122.
Le Bohec, Yann, "Le role social et politique de l' armée romaine dans les provinces d' Afrique," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Le Bohec, Yann, "L' armée romaine et la Numidie septentrionale dans l' oeuvre de Hans-Georg Pflaum," S. Demougin et al. (edd.), H.-G. Pflaum: un historien du XXe siècle (Genève: Droz 2006) 111-135.
Nesselhauf, A., "Zur militargeschichte der Provinz Mauretania Tingitana," Epigraphica 12 (1950) 34-48.
Rebuffat, René, "L' armée de la Maurétanie Tingitane," MEFRA 109 (1998) 193-242.
Roxan, Margaret, "The Auxilia of Mauretania Tingitana," Latomus 32 (l973) 838-855.
Speidel, Michael P., "Africa and Rome. Continuous Resistance? (A Vexillation of the Norican Ala Augusta in Mauretania)," PACA 13 (1975) 36-38.
Speidel, Michael P., "The pedites singulares Pannoniciani in Mauretania," AJPh 93 (1972) 299-305.
Speidel, Michael P., "The singulares of Africa and the establishment of Numidia as a Province," Historia 22 (1973) 125-127.
Speidel, Michael P., "Numerus Syrorum Malvensium. The Transfer of a Dacian Army Unit to Mauretania and its Implications," Dacia 17 (1973) 169-177.
Speidel, Michael P., "The Roman Army in North Africa," JRA 5 (1992) 401-407.
Speidel, Michael P., "Mauri Equites," Ant Afr 29 (1993) 137-149.
Speidel, Michael P, "A Spanish Horseman in Mauretania Tingitana," Mélanges M. Le Glay (1994) 129-131.

GERMANY & BALKANS

Carnuntum.
Vindobona.
Wiegels, R. and W. Woesler (edd.), Arminius und die Varusschlacht. Geschichte-Mythos-Literatur (Paderborn/München/Wien/Zürich 1995).
Bloemers, Johan H. F., "Lower Germany, military organisation and its role in the study of a frontier zone," Akten des 14. Internationalen Limeskongresses, 1986, in Carnuntum (Wien: Österr. Akad. der Wissenschaften 1990) 111-120.
Deininger, J., "Germaniam pacare. Zur neueren Diskussion über die Strategie des Augustus gegenüber Germanien," Chiron 30 (2000) 749-773.
Estiot, Sylviane, "Une campagne germanique de l'empereur Probus: l'atelier de Ticinum en 277-278," S. Demougin et al. (edd.), H.-G. Pflaum: un historien du XXe siècle (Genève: Droz 2006) 207-252.
Gechter, M., "Die Militärgeschichte am Niederrhein von Caesar bis Tiberius–eine Skizze," Th. Grünewald & S. Seibel (edd.) Kontinuität und Diskontinuität. Die Germania Inferior am Beginn und am Ende der römischen Herrschaft (Berlin 2003) 147-159.
Holder, P. A., "Exercitus Pius Fidelis: The Army of Germania Inferior in A.D. 89," ZPE 128 (1999) 237-250.
Jahn, R. G., Der Römisch-Germanische Krieg (9-16 n. Chr.) (Bonn: diss. 2001).
Jouffroy, Hélène, "Le rôle de la VIII légion Augusta en Germanie Supérieure au II siècle," Akten des 14. Internationalen Kimeskongresses, 1986, in Carnuntum (Wien: Österr. Akad. der Wissenschaften 1990) 411-417.
Kehne, P., "Limitierte Offensiven: Drusus, Tiberius und die Germanienpolitik im Dienste des augusteischen Prinzipats," J. Spielvogel (ed.), Res publica reperta . . . Festschrift für Jochen Bleiken [Sonderband des Hermes] (Stuttgart 2002) 297-321.
Kemkes, M. & J. Scheuerbrandt, Zwischen Patrouille und Parade: Die römische Reiterei am Limes (Stuttgart 1997) [Schriften des Limesmuseums Aalen, 51.]
Kühlborn, Johann-Sebastian, "Frühe Germanen Politik. Schlagkraft. Die Feldzüge unter Augustus und Tiberius in Nordwestdeutschland," in Die Römer zwischen Alpen und Nordmeer. Zivilisatorisches Erbe einer europaischen Militarmacht (Mainz 2000) 27-33.
Conte, Roberto, "La minaccia germanica. Acquae Sextiae e Campi Raudii," Pomoerium 12 (2007)
Birley, Eric, "More Links between Britain and Noricum," Festgabe H. Vetters (1985) 114-119.
Christie, N., "Between the Po and the Danube: Roman State and Army from Conquest to Late Antiquity," Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004) 699-705.
Buora, M. (ed.), Miles Romanus dal Po al Danubio nel tardo-antico
Alföldy, G. and B. Lorincz, "Die cohors I Batavorum miliaria civium Romanorum pia fidelis im pannonischen Solva (Esztergom)," ZPE 145 (2003) 259-262.
Mocsy, A., "Pannonia und die Soldatenkaiser," ANRW II. 6 (Berlin/NY 1977) 557-582.
Nemeth, Eduard, Politische und milit ärische Beziehungen zwischen Pannonien und Dakien in der Römerzeit. (Cluj-Napoca 2007).
Schönberger, H., Die römischen Truppenlager der frühen und mittleren Kaiserzeit zwischen Nordsee und Inn," Bericht der Römsich-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 66 (1985) 321-497.
Wilkes, J.J., "Army and Society in Roman Dalmatia," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Weiss, P., "Ein Diplom des Antoninus Pius für Moesia Inferior von Dez. 145/Dez. 146. Zum Truppenbestand der Provinz nach der Okkupation Dakiens," ZPE 124 (1998) 279-286.
Weiss, P., "Das Konsulnpaar vom 7. April 145 n.Chr. Noch einmal zu den Auxilien von Moesia Inferior und Thracia unter Antoninus Pius," ZPE 134 (2001) 261-266.
Speidel, Michael P., "The Capture of Decebalus. A New Inscription from Philippi," JRS 60 (1970) 142-153.
Speidel, Michael P., "The Suicide of Decebalus on the Tropaeum of Adamklissi," RA (1971) 75-78.
Dusanic, Slobodan, "Army and Mining in Moesia Superior," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Sasel Kos, M., "The 15^th Legion at Emona. Some Thoughts," ZPE 109 (1995) 227-244.
Starace, Roberto, "La battaglia di Adrianopoli," Pomoerium 12 (2007)
Fitz, Jeno, "A Military History of Pannonia from the Marcomann Wars to the Death of Alexander Severus," Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 14 (1962) 25-112.
Roxan, Margaret M. & Peter Weiss," Die Auxiliartruppen der Provinz Thracia," Chiron 28 (1998) 371-420.
Christodoulou, D. N., "Galerius, Gamzigrad, and the Fifth Macedonian Legion," Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002) 275-282.

THE EAST

The Parthian Empire

.
Abrahami, P., "Bibliographie sur les armées et les militaires au Proche-Orient ancien (I)," Revue des études militaires anciennes 2 (2005) .
Angeli Bertinelli, G., "Traiano in oriente: la conquista dell Armenia, della Mesopotamia e dell' Assiria," in Julian Gonzalez (ed.), Trajano Emperador de Roma (Roma: Bretschneider 2000) [Saggi di Storia antica, 16].
Ball, W., Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire (2000).
Laminger-Pascher, G., "Römische Soldaten in Isaurien," Festschr. A. Betz (1985) 381-392.
French, D.,"Cappadocia and the Eastern Limes: Aspects of Romanisation at Amaseia in Cappadocia," The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East ed. Philip Freeman and David Kennedy (BAR International Series, 297(i1), 1986), 277-285.
French, D. and C. S. Lightfoot (edd.), The Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire (Oxford 1989) [British Archaeological Reports].
Da Costa, Nicholas Guy, Presence et activités militaires romaines au nord et au nord-est de la Mer Noire (1er VIe siècle de nôtre ère) (2000).
Freeman, P. W., "The Province of Cilicia and its Origins," The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East ed. Philip Freeman and David Kennedy (BAR International Series, 297(ii), 1986),253-275.
Jakubiak, K., The Development of the Defence System of Eastern Anatolia (Roma: Bretschneider 2003).
Gonzalez, J., "Reflexiones en torno a la cronologia de las campañas párticas de Trajano," in Julian Gonzalez (ed.), Trajano Emperador de Roma (Roma: Bretschneider 2000) [Saggi di Storia antica, 16].
Rebuffat, F., "Les enseignes sur les monnaies d' Asie Mineure, des origines à Sévère Alexandre," BCH Supp. 31 (1997).
Greatrex, Geoffrey and Samuel N. C. Lieu (edd.), The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (London/NewYork: Routledge 2002).
Isaac, Ben, The Limits of Empire: The Roman Army in the East revised ed. (Oxford: Clarendon 1992).
Millar, Fergus, The Roman Near East, 31 B. C.–A. D. 337 (Cambridge: Harvard 1993).
Butcher, Kevin, Roman Syria and the Near East (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Publications 2003) Chapter 10. [Review: J. Walker, BMCR 2005.06.21]
Dabrowa, E., "The Frontier in Syria in the First Century A.D.," The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East ed. Philip Freeman and David Kennedy (BAR International Series, 297(i), 1986), 93-108.
Dabrowa, E. (ed.), The Roman and Byzantine Army in the East (Crakow 1994).[Review: B. Isaac JRA 10 (1997) 518-519.]
Greatrex, Geoffrey and S. Lieu(edd.), The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, Part II, A. D. 363-628 (2002).
Kennedy, David (ed.), The Roman Army in the East (Ann Arbor: U. Michigan 1996) [Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary Series no. 18]. [13 papers] [ review : A. D. Lee ]
Rémy, Bernard, "Notes de lecture : Soldats de Cilicie sous l'empire romain," EA 10 (1987) 107-110 .
Huzar, Eleanor G., Mark Antony: A Biography (Minneapolis: UMinn 1978).
Isaac, Benjamin, "Reflections on the Roman Army in the East," The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East ed. Philip Freeman and David Kennedy (BAR International Series, 297(i), 1986), 383-395.
Comfort, Anthony, "Crossing the Euphrates in Antiquity," AS 50 (2000) 99-126.
Comfort, Anthony, "Following the Euphrates in Antiquity," AS 51 (2001) 19-41.
Wood, G. A., "The Roman Fort at Qubur al Bid, Mesopotamia," Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004) 397-405.
Isaac, Benjamin, "The Roman Army in Jerusalem and Its Vicinity," Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms III, 13. Vorträge des Internationalen Limeskongre, Aalen 1983, (Stuttgart: Komissionsverlag, Konrad Theiss Verlag, 1986) [Forschungen und Berichte zur Vor- und Frügeschichte in Baden-Württemberg, 20.] , 635-40.
Eck, Werner, "Der Bar Kochba Aufstand, der kaiserliche Fiscus und die Veteranenversorgung," SCI 19 (2000) 139-148.
Ziegler, Ruprecht, "Civic Coins and Imperial Campaigns," in D. Kennedy, (ed.), The Roman Army in the East (Ann Arbor: U. Michigan 1996), 119-134.
Corbulo and the Parthian War ( A. D. 58-66). (texts & translations)
Zuckerman, Constantin, "Sur le dispositif frontalier en Arménie: le limes et son évolution sous le Bas-Empire," Historia 47 (1998) 108-128.
Dodd, C.H., "The Chronology of the Eastern Campaigns of the Emperor Lucius Verus," Numismatic Chronicle 4th series 11 (1911) 209-267.
Alföldy, G., "Iunius Maximus und die Victoria Parthica," ZPE 35 (1979) 195-212.
Drexler, F.W., Caracalla's Zug nach dem Orient und der letzte Partherkrieg (214-217) (Halle 1880).
Malitz, Jurgen, "Caesars Partherkrieg," Historia 33 (1984) 21-59.
Wylie, Graham, "Trajan, Marc Antony and Parthia," Ancient History Bulletin 4 (1990) 37-43.
Guey, Julien, Essai sur la guerre parthique de Trajan (114-117) (Bucharest 1937).
Sherwin-White, A.N., Roman Foreign Policy in the East (Norman: U. Oklahoma 1984).
Hammond, Mason, "Corbulo and Nero's Eastern Policy," Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 45 (1934) 81-104.
Kromayer, Johannes & Veith, Georg Heerwesen und Kriegführung der Griechen und Römer (München 1928).
Lepper, F.A., Trajan's Parthian War (Oxford 1948).
Levick, Barbara, "Caracalla's Path," Hommages à Marcel Renard II (Bruxelles 1969) 426-446.
Speidel, Michael P., "Pannonische Legionen in Caracallas Partherkrieg. Drei Inschriften aus Zeugma am Euphrat," Festschrift A. Betz (1985) 605-610).
Mitchell, Stephen (ed.), Armies and Frontiers in Roman and Byzantine Anatolia (Oxford 1983) [B.A.R. International Series, 156].
Pollard, Nigel, Soldiers, Cities, and Civilians in Roman Syria (2000).
Kennedy, David L., The Twin Towns of Zeugma on the Euphrates (Portsmouth RI 1998).

ARABIA, NABATAEA, EGYPT

Speidel, Michael P., "Exercitus Arabicus," Latomus 33 (1974) 934-939.
Isaac, B., "Trade Routes to Arabia and the Roman Army," Roman Frontier Studies 1979 ed. W. S. Hanson and L.J.F. Keppie, Part III (Oxford BAR 1980) [BAR S71: Roman Frontier Studies, XII] 889-901.
Parker, S. Thomas, "New Light on the Roman Frontier in Arabia," Akten des 14. Internationalen Kimeskongresses, 1986, in Carnuntum (Wien: Österr. Akad. der Wissenschaften 1990) 215-230.
Speidel, Michael P., "The Roman Army in Arabia," Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen Welt II. 8 (Berlin/New York) 687-730.
Berlin, Andrea M. and Andrew J. Overmann, The First Jewish Revolt. Archaeology, History and Ideology (2002).
Gabba, E., "La rivolta giudaica del 66 d.C. e Vespasiano," Atti Congr. Studi Vespasianei (1981) 153-173.
Mor, Menahem, "The Roman Legions and the Bar-Kokhba Revolt (132-135)," Akten des 14. Internationalen Kimeskongresses, 1986, in Carnuntum (Wien: Österr. Akad. der Wissenschaften 1990) 163-177.
Mor, Menahem, "The Roman Army in Eretz-Israel in the Years AD 70-132,"The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East ed. Philip Freeman and David Kennedy (BAR International Series, 297(ii), 1986), 575-602.
Overmann, J. Andrew (ed.), The First Jewish Revolt: Archaeology, History and Ideology (NY Routledge 2002).
Cotton, H.M., "P. Marabba'at 114 und die Anwsenheit römischer Truppen in den Höhlen des Wadi Marabba'at nach dem Bar Kochba Aufstand," ZPE 138 (2002) 173-183.
Bowersock, Glen, Roman Arabia (Cambridge: Harvard 1983).
Dodgeon, M.H. & Lieu, S.N.C., The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, A.D. 226-363. A Documentary History (London Routledge 1991).
Alston, Richard, Soldier and Society in Roman Egypt: A Social History (New York: Routledge 1995).[Review: R. Bagnall, JRA 10 (1997) 504-512.]
Cavenaile, Robert, "Prosopographie de l' armée romaine d' Égypte d' Auguste à Diocletien," Aegyptus 50 (1970) 213-312.
Chevreau, P.-M., "L armée et la guerre dans l' Égypte ancienne," Revue des études militaires anciennes 2 (2005)
Dack, E. van't, "L' armée romaine d' Égypte de 55 à 30 av. J.-C.," Das röm.-byz. Ägypten (1983) 19-29.
Daris, Sergio, "Le truppe ausiliarie romane in Egitto," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 10.1 (Berlin/NY 1988) 743-746.
Devijver, H., "The Roman Army in Egypt (with special reference to the Militiae Equestres)," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 1 (Berlin/NY 1974) 452-492.
Devijver, H., "A New Roman Auxiliary Cohort in Egypt? P. Egypt. Mus. inv. S. R. 3055," ZPE 104 (1993) 69-72.
Graindor, P., La guerre d' Alexandrie (1931) [Univ. Egypt. Recueil de travaux publiés par la Faculté de lettres, 7].
Heinen H., "Zwei neue Soldatengrabsteine aus Ägypten," ZPE 38 (1980) 115-124.
Maxfield, Valerie, "The Deployment of the Roman Auxilia in Upper Egypt and the Eastern Desert during the Principate," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Maxfield, Valerie, "Ostraca and the Roman Army in the Eastern Desert," in J. J. Wilkes (ed.), Documenting the Roman Army. Essays in Honour of Margaret Roxan (London: Institute of Classical Studies 2003).
Mitthof, Fritz, "Soldaten und Veteranen in der Gesellschaft des römischen Ägypten (1.-2. Jh. n. Chr.)," Gedenkschrift E. Birley (2000) 377-405.
Pflaum, H. G., "Un nouveau diplôme militaire d'un soldat de l'armée d'Égypte," Syria 44 (1967) 339-362 .
Speidel, Michael P., "Augustus' Deployment of the Legions in Egypt," CE 57 no. 113 (1982) 120-124.
Speidel, Michael P., "Palmyrenian Irregulars at Koptos," BASP 21 (1984) 221-224.
Speidel, Michael P., "Centurions and Horsemen of Legio II Traiana," Aegyptus 66 (1986) 163-168.
Speidel, Michael P., "Nubia's Roman Garrison," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 10.1 (1988) 767-798.
Speidel, Michael P. & Michael F. Pavkovic, "Legio II Flavia Constantia at Luxor," American Journal of Philology 110 (1989) 151-154.

LOGISTICS, TRAINING, EQUIPMENT

Maloney, J.& B. Hobley (edd.), Roman urban defences in the West. A review of current research on urban defences of the Roman empire with special reference to the northern provinces, based on papers presented to the conference on Roman urban defences, Museum of London (London : Council for Brit. Archaeol., 1983) [Council for Brit. Archaeol. Research Report, LI].
Adams, C. E. P., "Supplying the Roman Army: O. Petr. 245," ZPE 109 (1995) 119-124.
Adams, C. E. P., "Feeding the Wolf: Logistics and the Roman Army," Journal of Roman Archaeology 14 (2001) 465-473.
Anderson, J. D., Roman Military Supply in North-East England: An Analysis of and Alternative to the Piecebridge Formula (Oxford 1992) [BAR 224].
Anglin, Simon (ed.), Phyllis G. Jestice, Rob S. Rice, John Serrati, Scott M. Rusch, Fighting Techniques of the Ancient World (3000 B. C.–500 A.D.): Equipment, Combat Skills, and Tactics (NY: St. Martin's 2003).
Armoni, Charikleia, "Kornlieferung an Soldaten," ZPE 136 (2001) 174-176.
Bérard, F., "la carrière de Plotius Grypus et le ravitaillement de l' armée impériale en campagne," MEFR 96 (1984) 259-324.
Bishop, M. C., "L' équipement militaire à l' époque romaine," BTA (Montagnac 1991) [BTA 23], 591-616.
Bishop, M.C. (editor), Roman Military Euqipment. Proceedings of a Seminar held in the Department of Ancient History and Classical Archaeology at the University of Sheffield, 21st March 1983 (Ryton England: Michael Bishop 1989)
Bishop, M.C. (editor), The Production and Distribution of Roman Military Equipment. Proceedings of the Second Roman History Equipment Research Seminar [B.A.R. 275.] (Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 1985).
Bishop, Michael C., "Soldiers and military equipment in the towns of Roman Britain," Roman Frontier Studies, 1989 (1991) 21-27.
Bishop, Michael C., "The early imperial 'apron'," JRMES 3 (1992) 81-104.
Bishop, Michael C. & J. C. N. Coulston, Roman Military Equipment (London 1993).
Burns, Michael T., "The Homogenisation of Military Equipment Under the Roman Republic," Romanization [Digressus , Supplement I] (Nottingham 2003) 60-85.
Franzoni, Claudio, Habitus atque habitudo militis: Monumenti funerari di militari nella Cisalpina romana (Roma: Bretschneider 1987) [Studia archaeologica, 45].
Herz, Peter, "Der praefectus annonae und die Wirtschaft der westlichen Provinzen," Ktema 13 (1988) 69-85.
Johnson, Anne, Roman Forts (NY 1983).
Junkelmann, Marcus, Panis militaris (Mainz, 1997).
Le Bohec, Yann, "L'armement des romains pendent les guerres puniques d'après les sources littéraires," JRMES 8 (1997) 13-24.
Napoli, J., Recherches sur les fortifications linéaires romaines (Rome 1997) [Collection de l' Ecole française de Rome, 229].
Breeze, D. J., "The Logistics of Agricola's Final Campaign," Talanta 18-19 (1986-7) 7-28.
Breeze, David J., "The Ownership of Arms in the Roman Army," Breeze, David J., and Brian Dobson, Roman Officers and Frontiers (Stuttgart 1993) 571-573.
Baatz, Dietwulf, "Katapulte und mechanische Handwaffen des spätrômischen Heeres," Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies 10 (1999) 5-19.
Breeze, David J., "Supplying the Army," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) 59-64.
Bishop, M.C. & Coulston, J.C.N. Roman Military Equipment (London 1993).
Connolly, P. The Roman Fort (Oxford 1992).
Davies, Roy, "The Supply of Animals to the Roman Army and the Remount Systems," Latomus 27 (1968) 75-95.
Fugère, M. (ed.) Equipment militaire et l'armament de la république (IV-I^er s. avant J.-C.) [Proceedings of the Tenth International Roman Military Equipment Conference. Montpellier, 1996] (Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies, 8).
Fugère, M. ," L' équipement des officiers dans l' armée romaine," Y. Le Bohec (ed.), La hiérarchie de l' armée romaine (1995) 113-125.
Jones, M. J., Roman Fort-Defenses, to A. D. 117 (BAR British Series 1975).
Peddie, John The Roman War Machine (Alan Sutton)
Hyland, Ann, Training the Roman Cavalry: From Arrian's Tactica (Alan Sutton 1993 ).
Hyland, Ann, Equus: The Horse in the Roman World (London 1990).
Marsden, E.W. Greek and Roman Artillery. Historical Development (Oxford 1969).
Marsden, E.W. Greek and Roman Artillery. Technical Treatises (Oxford 1971)
Magness, J., "The Use, Transfer and Deposition of Roman Military Equipment," JRA 10 (1997) 513-517.
McCarthy, Mike, Mike Bishop & Thom Richardson, "Roman armour and metalworking at Carlisle, Cumbria, England," Antiquity 75 no. 289 (2001) 507-508.
Kelekna, Pita, The Horse in Human History ( Cambridge/New York: 2009).
Remesal-Rodriguez, José, "Die procuratores Augusti und die Versorgung des römischen Heeres," Akten des 14. Internationalen Kimeskongresses, 1986, in Carnuntum (Wien: Österr. Akad. der Wissenschaften 1990) 55-65.
Rickman, Geoffrey, Roman Granaries and Store Buildings (Cambridge 1971).
Robinson, H. R., The Armour of Imperial Rome (New York 1975).
Roth, Jonathan, The Logistics of the Roman Army at War (264 B.C.–A. D. 235) (Leiden/Boston/Koln: E.J.Brill 1998). [review: J. A. Thorne, Digressus 1 (2001) 1-3).
Sheridan, J. A., "The anabolikon," ZPE 124 (1998) 211-217.
Fulford, M., Sim, D., and A. Doig, "The Production of Roman ferrous Armor: A metallographic survey of material from Britain, Denmark and Germany, and its implications," Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004) 197-220.
Speidel, Michael P., "The Prefect's Horse-Guards and the Supply of Weapons to the Roman Army," Proc. XVI th Int. Congr. Papyrol. (1981) 405-409.
Speidel, Michael P., "The fustis as a Soldier's Weapon," Ant Afr 29 (1993) 99-101.
Stephenson, I. P., Roman Infantry Equipment: The Later Empire (1999).
Stoll, Oliver, "Die Fahnenwache in der römischen Armee," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigrafik 108 (1995) 107-118.
Stoll, Oliver, Excubatio ad signa (St. Katherinen 1995).
Thomas, M. D., Lorica Segmentata, Vol. II: A Catalogue of Finds (Braemar: Armatura 2003) [JRMES Monograph 2.]. [review: Cowan BMCR (2004)].
Uerpmann, Hans-Peter & Uerpmann, Margarethe, "Maultiere in der römischen Armee zur Zeit der Eroberungsfeldzüge in Germanien," Gedenkschrift J. Boessneck (1994) 353-367.
Van Driel-Muray, C. (ed.), Military Equipment in Context: Proceedings of the 9th International Roman Military Euqipment Conference 1994 .
Van Daele, Bernard, "The military Fabricae in Germania Inferior from Augustus to A. D. 260/270," JRMES 10 (1999) 125-136.
Webster, G. A., "A hoard of Roman military equipment from Fremington Hagg," Soldier and civilian in Roman Yorkshire (1971) 107-125.
Maxfield, Valerie, The Military Decorations of the Roman Army (Berkeley: UCal 1981).
Roman chain mail from Germany (2013)

THE ROMAN NAVY

Some Letters written by Roman soldiers (recruits to the Fleet).
Berard, Francois, "La cohorte I C Cilicum, la classis Flavia Moesica et les vexillations de l' armée de Mésie inférieure: à propos d' une inscription de Montana," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigrafik 79 (1989) 129-136.
Chapot, Victor, La flotte de Misène. Son histoire, son recrutement, son régime administratif (Paris 1896; Roma: Bretschneider 1967).
Cuvigny, H., "Pleroma dans l' intefication des soldats de marine," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigrafik 110 (1996) 169-173.
Donnadieu, J. , Fréjus, le port militaire du Forum Julii (Paris 1935).
Dusanic, S., "The Sailor's Calendar. Notes on the Day-dates of Military Diplomata," Festschrift A. Betz (1985) 233-248.
Eck, W., "Ein neues Militärdiplom für die misenische Flotte und Severus Alexanders Rechtstellung im J. 221/222," ZPE 108 (1995) 15-34.
Eck, W., "Prosopographische Bemerkungen zum Militärdiplom vom 20.12. 202 n.Chr. Der Flottenpräfekt Aemilius Sullectinus und das Gentilnomen des Usurpators Regalianus," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigrafik 139 (2002) 208-210.
Fevrier, P.-A., Forum Iulii (Fréjus) (1963).
Forni, G., Esercito e marina di Roma antica. Raccolta di contributi (Stuttgart 1992) [MAVORS, 5].
Grainge, G. The Roman Channel Crossing of A. D. 43. The Constraints on Claudius' Naval Strategy (2002).
Frost, Honor, "The prefabricated Punic Warship," Punic Wars (ed. H. Devijver & E. Lipinski) (Leuver 1989) .
Granino Cecere, M.G., "C. Iulius Aug. l. Hilarus, navarchus," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigrafik 109 (1995) 289-297.
Hanel, N., "Ein neues Diplom für einen Angehörigen der misenischen Flotte," Bonner Jahrbücher 185 (1985) 89-95.
Hanel, N., "Ein Ziegelstempel der cohors XV voluntariorum C.R. aus der tegularia transrhenana im Flottenlager Köln-Marienburg (Alteburg)," ZPE 139 (2002) 293-296.
Heintz, F., "A Domitianic Fleet Diploma," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigrafik 120 (1998) 250-252.
Himmler, F., "Naves lusoriae," Revue des études militaires anciennes 2 (2005)
Holder, P. and M. M. Roxan, "A Diploma of the Ravenna Fleet: 1 August 142," ZPE 149 (2004) 267-274.
Kienast, Dietmar, Untersuchungen zu den Kriegsflotten der römischen Kaiserzeit (Bonn 1968).
Le Bohec, Yann, "Écuyers et marins militaires sous le Haut-Empire romain," Ktèma 21 (1996) 313-320.
Lehmann-Hartleben, Karl, Die antiken Hafenanlagen des Mittelmeeres (Leipzig 1923) [Klio, Beiheft 14].
Meiggs, Russell, Roman Ostia (Oxford 1973).
Palme, B., "Die classis Alexandrina und der kurios der Gellia Didyme. Zwei Bemerkungen zu BGU III 709," ZPE 101 (1994) 87-95.
Panciera, S., "Liburna (rassegna delle fonti, caratteristiche della nave, accezioni del termine)," Epigraphica 18 (1956) 130-156.
Panciera, Silvio, "Sulla pretesa esclusione dei cittadini romani dalle flotte italiche nei primi due secoli dell’ impero," Epigrafi, Epigrafia, Epigrafisti. Scritti vari editi e inediti (1956-2005) (Roma: Edizioni Quasar 2006), V,5.
Panciera, Silvio, "Gli schiavi nelle flotte augustee" Epigrafi, Epigrafia, Epigrafisti. Scritti vari editi e inediti (1956-2005) (Roma: Edizioni Quasar 2006), V,6.
Panciera, Silvio, "Aquilea, Ravenna e la flotta militare," Epigrafi, Epigrafia, Epigrafisti. Scritti vari editi e inediti (1956-2005) (Roma: Edizioni Quasar 2006), V,11.
Panciera, Silvio, "La condizione giuridica dei classiarii (e degli equites singulares) in età imperiale. Stato della questione e prospettive di ricerca," Epigrafi, Epigrafia, Epigrafisti. Scritti vari editi e inediti (1956-2005) (Roma: Edizioni Quasar 2006), V,15.
Panciera, Silvio, "Sulle flotte militare romane," Epigrafi, Epigrafia, Epigrafisti. Scritti vari editi e inediti (1956-2005) (Roma: Edizioni Quasar 2006), VII,5.
Panciera, Silvio, "Ligerici (nautae)," Epigrafi, Epigrafia, Epigrafisti. Scritti vari editi e inediti (1956-2005) (Roma: Edizioni Quasar 2006), III,3.
Pangerl, A., Eck. W., MacDonald, D., "Neue Militärdiplome für Truppen in Italien: Legio II Adiutrix, Flotten und Prätorianer," ZPE 139 (2002) 195-207.
Paunov, E., "A Hadrianic Diploma for a Thracian Sailor from the Misene Fleet, 25 December, 119 A.D.," Archaeologia Bulgarica 9. 3 (2005)
Parma, Aniello, "Classiari, veterani e società cittadina a Misenum »," Ostraka 3 (1994) 43-59.
Parma, Aniello, "Una nuova iscrizione di Misenum » con un veterano duouir » della città," Ostraka 4 (1995) 301-306.
Reddé, Michel, Mare Nostrum. Les infrastructures, le dispositif et l' histoire de la marine militaire sous l' Empire romain (Paris 1986) [BEFAR, 260].
Reddé, Michel, "Les marins," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Reddé, Michel, "La marine militaire romaine du Bas-Danube," Journal of Roman Archaeology 11 (1998) 631-634.
Rickman, Geoffrey, The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome (Oxford 1980).
Reddé, M., Mare nostrum. Les infrastructures, le dispositif et l' histoire de la marine militaire sous l' Empire romain (Paris 1986) [BEFAR, 260].
Rougé, Jean, (tr. Susan Frazer) Ships and Fleets of the Ancient Mediterranean (Middletown CT: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1981). [La marine dans l' antiquité (Paris 1975)].
Roxan, M., "A Diploma of the Misene Fleet," Festschrift Hans Lieb (1995) 101-112.
Roxan, Margaret M. & Armin U. Stylow, "Ein neues Flottendiplom vom 18. Dezember 225 und RMD III 194," Chiron 29 (1999) 183-192.
Starr, Chester G. Jr. The Roman Imperial Navy, 31 B.C.-A.D. 324 (Cornell 1941; 2nd ed. Cambridge 1960)
Starr, Chester G. Jr. The Influence of Sea Power on Ancient History (Oxford 1989).
Thiel, J.H. A History of Roman Sea Power before the Second Punic War (Amsterdam 1954).
Thiel, J.H., Studies on the History of Roman Sea-Power in Republican Times (Amsterdam 1946).
Viereck, H. D. L., Die römische Flotte. Classis Romana (Herford 1975)
Weiss, P., "Ein neuer Flottenpräfekt Hadrians," ZPE 126 (1999) 243-245.
Weiss, P., "Ein Flottendiplom von 224 n. Chr.," ZPE 127 (1999) 246-248.
Weiss, P., "Zu Vicusangaben und qui-et-Namen auf Flottendiplomen des 3 Jh.s.," ZPE 130 (2000) 279-285.
Weiss, P., "Neue Flottendiplome für Thraker aus Antoninus Pius' späten Jahren," ZPE 139 (2002) 219-226.
Weiss, P., "Neue Fragmente von Flottendiplomen des 2. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. Mit einem Beitrag zum Urkundenwert des Aussentexts bei den Militärdiplomen," ZPE 150 (200 ) 243-253.
Navigare necesse est.

DISCHARGE

DIPLOMAS & DISCHARGE

Epikrisis of a Roman Auxiliary veteran (Egypt, A. D. 188).
Roxan, Margaret M., Roman Military Diplomas 1954-1977 (London: Institute of Archaeology 1978).
Roxan, Margaret M., Roman Military Diplomas 1978-1984 (London: Institute of Archaeology 1985).
Roxan, Margaret M., Roman Military Diplomas 1985-1993 (London: Institute of Archaeology 1994).
Roxan, Margaret M., Roman Military Diplomas, IV (London: Institute of Classical Studies 2003) [BICS Suppl. 82.].[review: R.H. Cowan]
Holder, Paul, Roman Military Diplomas, V (London: Institute of Classical Studies 2006).
Absil M. & Le Bohec Y., "La libération des soldats romains sous le haut-empire," Latomus 44 (1985) 855-870.
Alföldy, G., "Zur Beurteilung der Militärdliplome der Auxiliarsoldaten," Historia 17 (1969) 215-227.
Alföldy, G., & B. Lörincz, "Ein neues Militärdiplomfragment und ein neuer Statthalter der Provinz Pannonia Superior," ZPE 139 (2002) 211-218.
Antonaras, A., & P.M. Nigdelis, "Ein neues Militärdiplom in Museum Byzantinischer Kultur von Thessaloniki," ZPE 121 (1998) 283-286.
Balil, A., "Il primo diploma militare romano scoperto in Spagna," Epigraphica 51 (1989) 254-5.
Best, J.G.P., "Colonia Julia Equestris and Legio Decima Equestris," Talanta 3 (1971) 1-10.
Beutler-Kränzl, F., "Fragment eines Militärdiploms aus Oberpannonien," ZPE 141 (2002) 252-256.
Behrends O., "Die Rechtsregelungen der Militärdiplome und das die Soldaten des Prinzipats treffende Eheverbot," Heer & Integrationspolitik (1986) 116-166.
Buonopane, A., "Un diploma militare ritrovato: autopsia di CIL XVI, 8," Epigraphica 56 (1994) 216-223.
Cherry, David, "Roman Soldiers' Marriages," Ancient History Bulletin 3 (1989) 128-130.
Dietz, Karlheinz, "Das Künzinger Militärdiplom und die Fasti Ostienses von Jahr 160 n. Chr.," Chiron 32 (2002) .
Dusanic, S., and M. Vasic, "Fragment of a military diploma from Moesia Superior," Germania 52 (1974) 406-425.
Dusanic, S., and M. Vasic, "An upper Moesian diploma of A. D. 96," Chiron 7 (1977) 291-304.
Dusanic, S., "The Award of the Military Diploma, AArch Slov 33 (1982) 197-232.
Dusanic, S., "The Witnesses to the early Diplomata," Scritti Guarino (1984-85) 271-286.
Dusanic, S., "The Sailor's Calendar. Notes on the Day-dates of Military Diplomata," Festschrift A. Betz (1985) 233-248.
Dusanic, S., "An early praetorian diploma," Epigraphica 55 (1993) 9-44.
Dusanic, S., "Fragment of A Several Auxiliary Diploma: Notes on a Variety of the "Two-Province" Diplomata," ZPE 122 (1998) 219-228.
Dusanic, S., "A Diploma for the Lower Pannonian Auxilia of the Early 140's," ZPE 135 (2001) 209-219.
Dusanic, S., "The Imperial Propaganda of Significant Day-Dates: Two Notes in Military History," in J. J. Wilkes (ed.), Documenting the Roman Army. Essays in Honour of Margaret Roxan (London: Institute of Classical Studies 2003).
Eck, Werner, & M. Roxan, "Two New Military Diplomas," Festschrift Hans Lieb (1995) 55-99.
Eck, W., "Ein neues Militärdiplom für die misenische Flotte und Severus Alexanders Rechtstellung im J. 221/222," ZPE 108 (1995) 15-34.
Eck, W., "Eine Bürgerrechtskonstitution Vespasians aus dem Jahr 71 n. Chr. und die Aushebung von brittonischen Auxiliareinheiten," ZPE 143 (2003) 220-228.
Eck, W., "Eine weitere Kopie der domitianischen Bürgerrechtskonstitution für die Truppen Syriens von 7. Nov. 88," ZPE 143 (2003) 229-233.
Eck, W., "Zwei neuen Militärdiplomen in den germanischen Provinzen," ZPE 143 (2003) 205-219.
Eck, W. & M. Roxan, "A Diploma of Moesia Inferior: 125 Iun. 1," ZPE 116 (1997) 193-203.
Eck, W. & M. Roxan, "Zwei Entlassungsurkunden–"tabulae honestae missionis"–für Soldaten der römischen Auxilien," AKB 28 (1998) 95-112.
Eck, W., "Prosopographische Bemerkungen zum Militärdiplom vom 20.12. 202 n.Chr. Der Flottenpräfekt Aemilius Sullectinus und das Gentilnomen des Usurpators Regalianus," ZPE 139 (2002) 208-210.
Eck, W., D. MacDonald, & A. Pangerl, "Neue Militärdiplome für Truppen in Italien: Legio II Adiutrix, Flotten und Prätorianer," ZPE 139 (2002) 195-207.
Eck, W., D. MacDonald, & A. Pangerl, "Neue Diplome für das Heer der Provinz Syrien," Chiron 32 (2002) .
Eck, W., D. MacDonald, & A. Pangerl, "Neue Militärdiplome mit neuen Konsuldaten," Chiron 32 (2002) .
Eck, W., & Peter Weiss, "Hadrianische Konsuln. Neue Zeugnisse aus Militärdiplomen," Chiron 32 (2002) .
Eck, W., "Der Kaiser als Herr des Heeres: Militärdiplome und die kaiserliche Reichsregierung," in J. J. Wilkes (ed.), Documenting the Roman Army. Essays in Honour of Margaret Roxan (London: Institute of Classical Studies 2003).
Fitz, J., "Die Militärdiplome aus Pannonia Inferior in der zweiten Hälfte des 2. Jahrhunderts," Acta Antiqua Academiae Hungaricae 17 (1959) 421-442.
González, J., "Diploma militare ex Baetica," Faventia 5.2 (1983) 91-95.
Hanel, N., "Ein neues Diplom für einen Angehörigen der misenischen Flotte," Bonner Jahrbücher 185 (1985) 89-95.
Heintz, F., "A Domitianic Fleet Diploma," ZPE 120 (1998) 250-252.
Holder, Paul A., "A Roman military diploma from Ravenglass, Cumbria," BRL 79 .1 (1997) 3-41.
Holder, P., "A Diploma for Mauretania Tingitana of 22 December 144," ZPE 149 (2004) 275-282.
Holder, P. and M. M. Roxan, "A Diploma of the Ravenna Fleet: 1 August 142," ZPE 149 (2004) 267-274.
Holder, P., "Two Military Diplomas from the Reign of Antoninus Pius," ZPE 156 (2006) 255-264.
Iozzo, M., "Un frammento di diploma militare da Volterra," Epigraphica 55 (1993) 173-179.
Isac, D., "A new Military Diploma from Gilau," Epigraphica (1977) 69-73.
Jacob, P., "Un diplôme militaire romain à Baelo Claudia (Tarifa, province de Cadix)," MCV 20 (1984) 7-16.
Kraft, Konrad, "Die Tafel von Brigetio und das Aufhören der Militärdiplome," Germania 28 (1944-50) 242-250.
Le Roux, P., "Les diplômes militaires et l' évolution de l' armée romaine de Claude à Septime Sévère: auxilia, numeri et nationes," Heer und Integrationspolitik (1986) 347-374.
Levick, Barbara, Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor (Oxford 1967) 56-91.
Lifshitz, B., "Un fragment d' un diplôme militaire de Hébron," Latomus 35 (1976) 117-122.
Lörincz, B., "Neue Militärdiplome aus Pannonien," ZPE 111 (1996) 259-268.
Lörincz, B., & Alföldy, G., "Ein neues Militärdiplomfragment und ein neuer Statthalter der Provinz Pannonia Superior," ZPE 139 (2002) 211-218.
Lörincz, B., & Petenyi, S., "Zwei neue Militärdiplome aus Pannonien," ZPE 101 (1994) 197-204.
MacDonald, D., "A new Egyptian Diploma Fragment," ZPE 133 (2000) 271-274.
Maehler H., "Ein römischer Veteran und seine Matrikel," Akten des XIII. Intern. Papyrologenkongresses (1974) 241-250.
Mann, J.C., "Honesta missio and the Brigetio Table," Hermes 81 (1953) 496ff.
Mann, J. C., "The Development of Auxiliary and Fleet Diplomas," Epigraphische Studien 9 (1972) 233-241.
Mann, J.C., and M. Roxan, "Discharge Certificates in the Roman Army," Britannia 19 (1988) 341-347.
Mann, J.C., "Honesta missio from the legions," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Mann, J.C., "Name Forms of Recipients of Diplomas," ZPE 139 (2002) 227-234.
Matei, I; Chiriac, C.; Mihailescu-Birliba, L., "Ein neues Militärdiplom aus Moesien," ZPE 150 (200 ) 265-270.
Mellor, R. and E. Harris, "A New Roman Military Diploma," ZPE 16 (1975) 121-124.
Mihaylovich, A., & D. MacDonald, "A new Moesia Inferior Diploma of 97," ZPE 138 (2002) 225-228.
Mirkovic, Miroslava, "Roman Military Diplomas, epistulae, and Papyrological Evidence," 20th International Congress of Papyrology (1994) 452-455.
Mirkovic, Miroslava, "Military Diplomas from Viminacium and the Settlement of Auxiliary Veterans," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Mirkovic, M., "New Fragments of Military Diplomas from Viminacium," ZPE 126 (1999) 249-254.
Mirkovic, M., "Euphrata et Romano consulibus auf einem neuen Militärdiplom von der unteren Sava," ZPE 133 (2000) 286-290.
Nenov, V., "Roman Military Diploma from Mauretania Tingitana found in Northern Bulgaria," Archaeologica Bulgarica 1 (1997),
Nollé, J., "Militärdiplom für einen in Britannien entlassenen Daker," ZPE 117 (1997) 269-274.
Pangerl, A., Eck. W., MacDonald, D., "Neue Militärdiplome für Truppen in Italien: Legio II Adiutrix, Flotten und Prätorianer," ZPE 139 (2002) 195-207.
Papi, E., "Diploma militare da Thamusida (Mauretania Tingitana), 31 dicembre 133/134," ZPE 142 (2003) 257-266.
Paunov, Evgeni I. & M. Roxan, "The Earliest Extant Diploma of Thrace, A.D. 114 (=RMD I. 14)," ZPE 119 (1997) 269-279.
Paunov, E., "A Hadrianic Diploma for a Thracian Sailor from the Misene Fleet, 25 December, 119 A.D.," Archaeologia Bulgarica 9. 3 (2005)
Petenyi, S. & B. Lörincz, "Zwei neue Militärdiplome aus Pannonien," ZPE 101 (1994) 197-204.
Pflaum, H.-G., "Un nouveau diplôme militaire d' un soldat de l' armée d' Égypte," Syria 45 (1967) 339-362.
Radnoti, A., "Ein neues Militärdiplomafragment aus Eining," Germania 46 (1968) 118-123.
Raepsaet-Charlier, M.T., "A propos du fragment de diplôme militaire découvert à Hébron," Latomus 36 (1977) 1055-1056.
Roxan, M., and Morris, J., "The Witnesses to Roman Military Diplomas," AArch Slov 28 (1977) 299-333.
Roxan, M., "The Distribution of Roman Military Diplomas," Epigraphische Studien 12 (1981) 265-286.
Roxan, M., "Roman Military Diplomas and Topography," Planck, D. (ed.) Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms, III (Stuttgart 1986)768-778.
Roxan M.M., "Findspots of Military Diplomas of the Roman Auxiliary Army," BIAL 26 (1989) 127-181.
Roxan, M., "A Diploma of the Misene Fleet," Festschrift Hans Lieb (1995) 101-112.
Roxan, M., "A Military Diploma of A.D. 85 for the Rome Cohorts," ZPE 96 (1993) 67-74.
Roxan, M., "An Emperor rewards his Supporters," JRA 9 (1996) 247-256.
Roxan, M. & Paunov, E., "The Earliest Extant Diploma for the Auxilia of Thrace, A.D. 114 (RMD I 14,2)," Archaeologica Bulgarica 1 (1997),
Roxan, M., "An Auxiliary/Fleet Diploma of Moesia Inferior," ZPE 118 (1997) 287-299.
Roxan, Margaret M. & Armin U. Stylow, "Ein neues Flottendiplom vom 18. Dezember 225 und RMD III 194," Chiron 29 (1999) 183-192.
Roxan, Margaret M., "Two Complete Diplomas of Pannonia Inferior," ZPE 127 (1999) 249-273.
Rowell, Henry T., "The honesta missio from the Numeri of the Roman Imperial Army Yale Classical Studies 6 (1939) 71-108.
Saddington, Denis B., "The Witnessing of pre-and early Flavian Military Diplomas and Discharge Procedures in the Roman Army," Epigraphica 59 (1997) 157-172.
Saldern, F. von, "Ein kaiserliches Reskript zur Entlassung eines Angehorigen der vigiles ," ZPE 156 (2006) 293-307.
Sanchez, P., "Un diplôme militaire inédit de Sévère Alexandre pour M. Aurelius Bithus (7 Janvier 230 ap. J.-C.)," ZPE 137 (2001) 245-250.
Seston, W., "Les vétérans sans diplômes dans les légions romaines," RPh 7 (1933) 375-395.
Speidel, M. P. and P. Weiss, "Das erste Militärdiplom für Arabia," ZPE 150 (200 ) 253-265.
Stiglitz, H., "Fragment eines Militärdiploms der antoninischen Zeit aus Carnuntum," ZPE 135 (2001) 220-224.
Thouvenot, R., "Fragment de diplôme militaire trouvé près de Volubilis," BAM 7 (1967) 643-647.
Weiss, P., "Neue Militärdiplome, " ZPE 117 (1997) 227-268.
Weiss, P., "Ein Diplom des Antoninus Pius für Moesia Inferior von Dez. 145/Dez. 146. Zum Truppenbestand der Provinz nach der Okkupation Dakiens," ZPE 124 (1998) 279-286.
Weiss, P., "Weitere Diplomfragmente von Moesia Inferior," ZPE 124 (1998) 287-291.
Weiss, P., "Zwei Diplome für Equites singulares Augusti, 222 und 223 n. Chr.,"ZPE 127 (1999) 239-245.
Weiss, P., "Ein Flottendiplom von 224 n. Chr.," ZPE 127 (1999) 246-248.
Weiss, P., "Zu Vicusangaben und qui-et-Namen auf Flottendiplomen des 3 Jh.s.," ZPE 130 (2000) 279-285.
Weiss, P., "Ein Prätorianerdiplom Severus Alexanders auf einer wiederverwendeten Bronzetafel," ZPE 133 (2000) 283-285.
Weiss, P., "Neue ausgewählte Diplomfragmente," ZPE 134 (2001) 267-272.
Weiss, P., "Ein Fragment eines aussergewöhnlichen Militärdiploms: Severus Alexander und Maximinus Thrax," ZPE 134 (2001) 273-276; 135 (2001) 194.
Weiss, P., "Neue Flottendiplome für Thraker aus Antoninus Pius' späten Jahren," ZPE 139 (2002) 219-226.
Weiss, P., "Neue Diplome für Soldaten des Exercitus Dacicus," ZPE 141 (2002) 241-251.
Weiss, P., "Neue Fragmente von Flottendiplomen des 2. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. Mit einem Beitrag zum Urkundenwert des Aussentexts bei den Militärdiplomen," ZPE 150 (200 ) 243-253.
Weiss, Peter, "Ausgewählte neue Militärdiplome. Seltene Provinzen (Africa, Mauretania Caesariensis), späte Urkunden für Prätorianer (Caracalla, Philippus)," Chiron 32 (2002) .
Weiss, Peter, "The Future of Roman Military Diplomata–Fortschritte, Probleme ind küntftige Aufbaden," in J. J. Wilkes (ed.), Documenting the Roman Army. Essays in Honour of Margaret Roxan (London: Institute of Classical Studies 2003).
Weiss, Peter, "Neue Militärdiplome für den Exercitus von Britannia," ZPE 156 (2006) 245-254.

VETERANS

Petition of a Veteran for exemption from liturgies (Karanis, Egypt, A.D. 172).
Andreau, J., "Pompéi : mais où sont les vétérans de Sylla ?," REA 82 (1980) 183-199.
Ardevan, Radu, "Veteranen und städtische Dekurionen im römischen Dakien," Eos 77 (1989) 81-90.
Aricescu, A., "Les vétérans du limes scythique, II," Studien zu den Militärgrenze Roms (1977) 263-266.
Balla, L., "Le sarcophage d'un vétéran légionnaire de l'Asie Mineure à Szentendre," AErt 99 (1972) 228-231.
Bérard, François, "Vie, mort et culture des vétérans d'après les inscriptions de Lyon," REL 70 (1992) 166ff.
Birley, Eric, "Evocatus Aug. A review," ZPE 43 (1981) 25-29.
Birley, Eric, "Veterans of the Roman Army in Britain and elsewhere," Anc Soc 13-14 (1982-83) 265-276.
Birley, Eric, "A Centurion of Leg. VI Victrix and his wife," ZPE 57 (1984) 230-232.
Bollini, M., "Tre storie di veterani alle radici del delta padano," RSA 6-7 (1976-1977) 351-359.
Brennan, Peter, "A Rome away from Rome : veteran colonists and post-Augustan Roman colonization," Essays in honour of A. D. Trendall 491-502.
Chausa Saez, Antonio Veteranos en el Africa romana [pról. de Antonio Chausa Sáez] (Barcelona, 1997).
Demougin, Ségolène, "Les vétérans dans la Gaule Belgique et la Germanie inférieure," Cités, municipes, colonies (1999) 355-280.
Dragojevic-Josifovska, B., "Monument funéraire de Scupi, érigé à un vétéran de la légion VII Claudia," ZAnt 31 (1981) 187-189.
Eliassen, M. H., "A veteran's exemption from epikephalaia," Proc. XVIth Intern. Congr. Papyrol. (1981) 329-333.
El-mosallamy, Abd Alla Hassan, "Upon veterans' exemption from epikephalia," 20th international congress of papyrology (1994) 456-462.
Farkas, Z., "Zu Veteranendeduktionen in Pannonien, II," Studium (1971) 5-10.
Forni, G., "L'anagrafia del soldato e del veterano," Actes du VII Congr. internat. d'épigraphie (1979) 205-228.
Gabba, E., "Istituzioni militari e colonizzazione in Roma mediorepubblicana (IV-III sec. A.C.)," RFIC 103 (1975) 144-154.
Gabba, E., "Veterani di Metello Pio ad Alba Fucens ?, IV," Hom. a García y Bellido (1979) 61-63.
Garzetti, A., "Veterani nelle valli alpine," RSA 6-7 (1976-1977) 173-187.
Gilliam, J. F., "A legionary veteran and his family," BASP 8 (1971) 39-44.
Glaser, F., "Ein Veteran der zweiten Italischen Legion," Festschr. A. Betz (1985) 275-280.
Hall, A. S., "Two veterans of Legio XIII Gemina at Iconium," Armies and frontiers (1983) 35-39.
Hall, Linda Jones, Roman Berytus (NY Routledge 2004).
Hayas Abengoechea, Juan José, "A propósito de Aemilio Ordunetsi, veterano de la legio II Augusta," Homenaje E. Ripoll Perello (1988) 223-246.
Holder, P. A., "A veteran of the Legio v Gallica," ZPE 47 (1982) 148.
Horstkotte, Hermann, "SB 7523 und der Veteranenstatus Mitte des 2. Jh.s n. Chr.," ZPE 111 (1996) 256-258.
Jones, M. J., "Coloniae in Britain," Roman Urban Defences in the West (ed. J. Moloney & B. Hobley (London 1983) .
Kayser, François, "Un vétéran au temple de Montou à Tôd (Haute-Égypte)," ZPE 97 (1993) 217-220.
Keppie, L. J. F., "Vexilla veteranorum," PBSR 41 (1973) 8-17.
Keppie, Lawrence, Colonisation and veteran settlement in Italy 47-14 B.C. (London, 1983).
Keppie, Lawrence J. F., "Soldiers and veterans at the colony of Forum Julii (Fréjus)," La hiérarchie de l'armée romaine (1995) 367-372.
Keppie, Lawrence J. F., Legions and veterans (Stuttgart 2000).
Kolobov, A. V., La condition sociale des soldats et des vétérans des légions dans les provinces occidentales de l'Empire romain sous les Julio-Claudiens (Moskva, 1990).
Kolosovskaja, J. K., "On the structure of Roman society in the first three centuries A.D. Collegia veteranorum," VDI 110 (1969) 122-129.
Koracevic, D., "Stèle sépulcrale dédiée à un vétéran de la légion VII Claudia," Ziva Ant 33 (1983) 215-239.
Kovács, Péter, "A katonai territorium » és a veterani et cives Romani » szervezet. / Le territoire militaire » et l'organisation des ueterani et ciues Romani »" AErt 123-124 (1996-1997) 49-62.
Królczyk, Krzysztof, "Veteranen in den Donauprovinzen des Römischen Kaiserreiches (1.-3. Jh. n. Chr.)," Eos 86 (1999) 165-170.
Kuehnert, B., "Zur Veteranenversorgung in der späteren römischen Republik," Klio 65 (1983) 603-604.
Lassère, Jean-Marie, "Les vétérans de Chemtou (Tunisie)," AntAfr 33 (1997) 115-118.
Lightfoot, C. S. & Healey, John F., "A Roman veteran on the Tigris," EA 17 (1991) 1-7.
Lindenthal, Jörg; Rupp, Vera; Birley, Anthony Richard, "Eine neue Veteraneninschrift aus der Wetterau," Festschrift F.-R. Herrmann (2001) 199-208.
Link, Stefan, Konzepte der Privilegierung römischer Veteranen (Stuttgart 1989).
MacMullen, Ramsay, Soldier and Civilian in the Later Roman Empire (1963) 7-15, 98-118.
Maehler, H., "Ein römischer Veteran und das Militärarchiv," BASP 8 (1971) 70.
Mahboubi, M., "Les élites municipales de la Numidie ; deux groupes : étrangers à la cité et vétérans," ANRW II. 10. 2 (Berlin/NY:Walter de Gruyter 1982) 673-681.
Mann, J.C., Legionary Recruitment and Veteran Settlement during the Principate (ed. M. Roxan) (London 1983).
Martem'janov, A. P., "Les vétérans de l'armée romaine en Basse Mésie et en Thrace pendant les premiers siècles de n.ère," X Conférence VDI (1987) 133.
Mason, David J. P., Roman Chester. City of the Eagles (2001).
Messeri, Gabriella, "Richiesta di epikrisis," Aegyptus 68 (1988) 33-36.
Mitthof, Fritz, "Soldaten und Veteranen in der Gesellschaft des römischen Ägypten," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) .
Montevecchi, O., "Richiesta per l'epikrisis," Papyri ed. in honour of E. G. Turner (1981) 160-163.
Montevecchi, Orsolina, "Epikrisis e dichiarazioni di censimento di cateci arsinoiti," Aegyptus 70 (1990) 27-31.
Montevecchi, Orsolina, "Tre richieste di epikrisis," Aegyptus 73 (1993) 39-48.
Morizot Pierre, "Un vétéran parthe en Numidie méridionale," CRAI (1988) 44-54.
Mrozewicz, Leszek, "Die Veteranen in den Munizipalräten an Rhein und Donau zur Hohen Kaiserzeit (I.-III. Jh.)," Eos 77 (1989) 65-80.
Mrozewicz, Leszek, "Domo Cappadocia. Zu einer Veteraneninschrift aus Novae (Moesia inferior)," Eos 73 (1985) 297-300.
Nelson, C. A., Epikrisis (1970).
Renz, R. F., The Legal Position of the Soldier and Veteran in the Roman Empire [Dissertation: Fordham University 1972](1974).
Palao Vicente, Juan José, "Los veterani » de la Legio VII Gemina »," HispAnt 22 (1998) 175-201.
Panitschek, Peter, "Die Agrargesetze des Jahres 59 und die Veteranen des Pompeius," Tyche 2 (1987) 141-154.
Parma, Aniello, "Una nuova iscrizione di Misenum con un veterano duouir della città," Ostraka 4 (1995) 301-306.
Parma, Aniello, "Classiari, veterani e società cittadina a Misenum," Ostraka 3 (1994) 43-59.
Puglisi, A., "Servi, coloni, veterani e la terra in alcuni testi di Costantino," Labeo 23 (1977) 305-317.
Raepsaet-Charlier, M. T., "Le lieu d'installation des vétérans auxiliaires romains d'après les diplômes militaires," AC 47 (1978) 557-565.
Renz, R. F., The legal position of the soldier and veteran in the Roman empire (1972).
Reynolds, J., "A Roman legionary veteran at Teucheira," SLS 9th Annual Report (1977-1978) 27-29.
Roxan, Margaret, "Veteran Settlement of the Auxilia in Germania," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, & Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000) 307-326.
Sastre Prats, I., "Nueva inscripción funeraria de un vet. leg. VII G. F. procedente de la zona arqueológica de Las Médulas (Léon, España)," ZPE 125 (1999) 257-258.
Schillinger-Haefele, U., "Die Deduktion von Veteranen nach Aventicum. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kolonisation der frühen Kaiserzeit," Chiron 4 (1974) 441-449.
Schneider, Hans Christian, Das Problem der Veteranenversorgung in der späteren römischen Republik (Bonn, 1977).
Sègre, A., "Il diritto dei militari peregrini nell' esercito romano," RPAA 17 (1940/41) 167-182.
Sijpesteijn, P. J., "Der Veteran Aelius Syrion," BASP 21 (1984) 211-220.
Smith, R.E., "The Army Reforms of Septimius Severus," Historia 12 (1972) 481-500.
.Speidel, M. P., "Veteranus Augustorum," ZPE 22 (1976) 231-232.
Speidel, M. P., "Cash from the emperor. A veteran's gravestone at Elecik in Galatia," AJPh 104 (1983) 282-286.
Speidel, M. P. & Reynolds, J., "A veteran of Legio i Parthica from Carian Aphrodisias," EA 5 (1985) 31-35.
Speidel, Michael Alexander, "Ein Veteran der 11. Legion," Pro Vindonissa (1988-1989) 56-57.
Todisco, Elisabetta, "Veterani a Lucera," Epigrafia e territorio 4 (1996) 163-187.
Todisco, Elisabetta, I veterani in Italia in età imperiale (Bari, 1999).
Tsirkin, Juli B., "The veterans and the romanization of Spain," Gerión 7 (1989) 137-147.
Van Buren, A. W., "Some Families formed by Roman Soldiers and Veterans," Hommages à A. Grenier (Bruxelles 1962) 1564-1570. [Collection Latomus, 58].
Visy, Zsolt, Angaben zur Ansiedlung der Veteranen in Pannonia," AN 68 (1997) 225-234.
Webster, G., "Investigating Roman Wroxeter," Illust. London News 270. 2 (1982) 46-48.
Webster, Graham, "Wroxeter (Viroconium)," Fortress into city (1988) 120-144.
Weiss, P., & Eck, W., "Die Sonderregelungen für Soldatenkinder seit Antoninus Pius. Ein niederpannonisches Militärdiplom vom 11. Aug. 146," ZPE 135 (2001) 195-208.
Welles, C. B., "The immunitas of the Roman Legionaries in Egypt," Journal of Roman Studies 28 (1938) 41-49.
Welles, C. B., "The Population of Roman Dura," Studies in Roman Economic and Social History in Honor of Allan Chester Johnson (Princeton 1951; reprinted 1969) 251-274.
Wells, Colin, "The Impact of the Augustan Campaigns on Germany," Assimilation et résistance à la culture gréco-romaine dans le monde ancien. Travaux du VIe Congrès International d' études classiques (Madrid, Septembre 1974) (Paris 1976) 421-431.
Whitehorne, John E. G., "More about L. Pompeius Niger, legionary veteran, II," XVIII intern. Congr. of papyrology (1988) 445-450.
Whitehorne, John E. G., "Soldiers and veterans in the local economy of first century Oxyrhynchus, II," Miscellanea papyrologica (1990) 543-557.
Wierschowski, L., "Soldaten und Veteranen der Prinzipatszeit im Handel und Transportgewerbe," MBAH 1 (1982) 31-48.
Witecka, E., "De Claudio Terentiano quodam milite legionario et veterano," Meander 30 (1975) 193-202.
Wolff, H., "Die Entwicklung der Veteranenprivilegien vom Beginn des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. bis auf Konstantin d. Gr.," Heer und Integrationspolitik (1986) 44-115.

THE THIRD CENTURY CRISIS, and LATER

Alföldy, Geza, "The Third century Crisis as seen by Contemporaries," Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 15 (1974) 89-111.
Anderson, J.G.C., "The Genesis of Diocletian's Provincial Reorganization," Journal of Roman Studies 22 (1932) 24-32.
Austin, N. J. E., "Ammianus' account of the Adrianople campaign. Some strategic observations," AClass 15 (1972) 77-83.
Austin, N. J. E., "Julian at Ctesiphon. A fresh look at Ammianus' account," Athenaeum 50 (1972) 301-309.
Balty, Jean-Charles, "Apamée (1986). Nouvelles données sur l' armée romaine d' orient et les raids sassanides du milieu du III siècle," CRAI (1967) 213-241.
Berchem, Denis van, "Des soldats chrétiens dans la garde impériale. Observations sur le texte de la Vision de Dorothéos (Papyrus Bodmer XXIX)," StudClas 24 (1986) 155-163.
Blason Scarel, Silvia (ed.), Attila, Flagellum Dei? (Roma: Bretschneider 1994) [Studia Historica, 129].
Bowersock, Glen, Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Post classical World (Cambridge: Harvard University Press )
Burns, Thomas S., Barbarians within the Gates of Rome. A Study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians, ca. 375-425 A.D. (Bloomington, Ind.: Univ. of Indiana Press, 1995).
Brauer, G.C., The Age of the Soldier Emperors. Imperial Rome, A.D. 244-284 (Park Ridge NJ: Noyes Press 1975).
Burian, Jan, "Der Gotenkrieg unter Claudius II," Eirene 20 (1983) 87-94.
Burns, Thomas S., Rome and the Barbarians, 100 B.C. – A. D. 400 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins 2003).
Cameron, Averil, The Later Roman Empire, A. D. 284-430 (Cambridge: Harvard 1993) [ review, by William Klingshirn ]
Cameron, Averil, The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, A. D. 395-600 (New York: Routledge 1993). [ review, by William Klingshirn ]
Cameron, Averil; P. Garnsey (edd.) Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 13: The Late Empire, AD 337-425 (Cambridge 1998)
Cameron, Averil; B. Ward-Perkins; M. Whitby (edd.), Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 14: Late Antiquity, Empire and Successors, AD 425-600 (Cambridge 2001)
Casey, J., "Imperial Campaigns and Fourth Century Defenses in Roman Britain," Roman Urban Defences in the West (ed. J. Moloney & B. Hobley (London 1983).
Cheynet, Jean-Claude, The Byzantine Aristocracy and its Military Function (Burlington VT: Ashgate Pub. 2006).
Christol, M., "Les règnes de Valérien et Gallien," Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II. 2 (1975) 803-827.
Crump, Gary, "Ammianus and the late Roman Army," Historia 23 (1972) 91-103.
DeBlois, L., "Odaenathus and the Roman-Persian war of 252-264 A.D.," Talanta 6 (1974) 7-23.
DeBlois L., "The reign of the emperor Philip the Arabian," Talanta 10-11 (1978-1979) 11-43.
DeBlois, L., The Policy of the Emperor Gallienus (Leiden: Brill 1976).
DeBlois L., "The third century crisis and the Greek elite in the Roman empire," Historia 33 (1984) 358-377.
DeBlois, Lukas, "Plotinus and Gallienus," Fructus centesimus. Mélanges offerts à Gerard J. M. Bartelink (Dordrecht : Kluwer 1989) 69-82.
Delmaire, R., Largesses sacrées et "res privata": L' aerarium impérial et son administration du IV au VI siècle (Paris 1989) [CEF, 121].
Drummond, A., Ammianus Marcellinus and the Roman Rules of War (Master's Thesis: University of Kansas 1989) . Chapter One (36k), Chapter Two (107K), Chapter Three (55K) .
Drinkwater, J. F., The Gallic Empire (Stuttgart 1987) [Historia Einzelschriften, 52].
Ferrill, Arther, The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation (London: Thames and Hudson 1986).
Forni, G., "Curiosità legionarie e origo di Massimino il Trace," Epigraphica 52 (1990) 33-40.
Gauthier, G., Justinien (Paris 1998).
Grant, Michael, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A Reappraisal (Annenberg School of Communications, Radnor PA 1976) pp. 60-90.
Grant, Michael, Collapse and Recovery of the Roman Empire. The Third Century A. D. (1998).
Greatrex, Geoffrey & Samuel N. C. Lieu (edd.), The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars: Part II, 363-628 A. D., a Narrative Sourcebook (NY: Routledge 2002).
Haldon, John, Byzantium at War, A. D. 600-1453 (NY Routledge 2003).
Heather, Peter, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians (London: Macmillan 2005; reprint Oxford University Press 2006).
Huvelin, H., "Chronologie du regne de Claude le Gothique," Quaderni ticinesi di numismatica e antichita classica 21 (1992) 309-322.
Kelly, Christopher, Ruling the Later Roman Empire (Belknap Press 2004).
King, Charles, "The Veracity of Ammianus Marcellinus' Description of the Huns," American Journal of Ancient History 12. 1 (1987 [1995]) 77-95.
Kulikowski, Michael, Rome's Gothic Wars, from the Third Century to Alaric (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006).
Lenski, Noel, Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A. D. (Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California 2002).
Lenski, Noel (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine (Cambridge CUP 2006).
Liebeschuetz, J. H. W., "Generals, Federates and Buccelarii in Roman Armies, around A.D. 400," Philip Freeman and David Kennedy (editors), The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East. Proceedings of a colloquium held at the University of Sheffield in April 1986 (BAR International Series 297(ii) 1986) 463-474.
Lieu, C. N., The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars A. D. 226-363 (London: Routledge 1991).
Maas, Michael (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian (Cambridge: CUP 2005) [A.D. Lee, "The Empire at War", pp. 113-133.]
MacGeorge, Penny, Late Roman Warlords (Oxford 2002) [Oxford Classical Monographs].
MacMullen, Ramsay, Roman Government's Response to Crisis, A.D. 235-337 (New Haven: Yale 1976).
Magie, David, Roman Rule in Asia Minor I (Princeton 1950), pp. 688-723 and II (1951), pp. 1557-1578 ("From Decay to Chaos").
Matthews, J. F., "Ammianus and the Eastern Frontier in the Fourth Century: A Participant's View," The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East. Part I. Proceedings of a colloquium held at the University of Sheffield in April 1986 ed. P. Freeman and D. Kennedy (BAR International Series 297(i) 1986) [British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, Monograph No. 8] 549-564.
Maraval, P., L' empereur Justinien (Paris 1999).
Millar, Fergus, "P. Herennius Dexippus: The Greek World and the Third Century Invasions," Journal of Roman Studies 59 (1969) 12-29.
Nicasie, M.J., Twilight of Empire. The Roman Army from the Reign of Diocletian until the Battle of Adrianople (Amsterdam 1998) [Dutch Monographs on Ancient History and Archaeology, 19.].
Nicoletti, A., "La politica legislativa di Gordiano III. Le costituzioni ai militari," Koinonia 2 (1978) 43-56.
Nicoletti, A., Sulla politica legislativa di Gordiano III. Studi (Napoli, 1981).
Niel, C. J., La Bataille de Troyes, 451: Attila dans les Gaules (1951).
Oldenstein, J. & O. Gupte (edd.), Spätrömische Militäraurüstung (Proceedings from the 11th International Roman Military Equipment Conference. Mainz, 1998) (2001) [Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies, 10 ].
Oliva, Pavel, Pannonia and the Onset of Crisis in the Roman Empire (Prague 1962).
Parker, S. Thomas, Romans and Saracens: A History of the Arabian Frontier (Winona Lake Indiana: American Schools of Oriental Research 1986).
Parker, S. Thomas, "New Work on the Euphrates Frontier in Late Antiquity," Journal of Roman Archaeology 16 (2003) 722-725.
Porena, Pierfrancesco, Le origini della prefettura del pretorio tardoantica (Roma: Bretschneider 2003) [Saggi di Storia Antica, 20.].
Remondon, Roger, "Problèmes militaires en Egypte et dans l' Empire à la fin du IV siècle," Revue historique 213 (1955) 21-38.
Richardot, P., La fin de l' armée romaine (284–476) (Paris 1998).
Sasel Kos, Marjeta, "The defensive policy of Valentinian I in Pannonia," Westillyricum und Nordostitalien (1996) 145-175.
Salmon, Edward Togo, "The Roman Army and the Disintegration of the Empire," Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 3rd series, 52 (1958) 43-60.
Southern, Pat and Karen R. Dixon, The Late Roman Army (New Haven: Yale 1996).
Starace, Roberto, "La battaglia di Adrianopoli," Pomoerium 12 (2007)
Vallet, Francoise & Michel Kazanski (edd.), L' armée romaine et les Barbares du IIIe au VIIe siècle (Rouen 1993).
Ward-Perkins, Bryan, The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2005).
Watson, Alaric, Aurelian and the Third Century Crisis (NY Routledge ).
Whitby, Michael, Rome at War, A. D. 293-696 (NY Routledge 2003).
Zuckerman, Constantin, Recherches sur le statut social des soldats sous le Bas-Empire et à l'époque protobyzantine (1993).
Zuckerman, Constantin, "La haute hiérarchie militaire en Afrique Byzantine," L' Afrique Vandale et Byzantine (Paris: Association pour l' antiquité tardive 2002) 169-176. [Revue internationale d' histoire et d' archéologie].

OTHER ITEMS

Adams, John Paul, "The Roman Imperial Army in the East: Social and Governmental Problems," The Ancient World 2.4 (1979) 129-137.
Adams, John Paul, "Polybius, Pliny and the Via Egnatia," Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Macedonian Heritage (Washington: University Press of America 1982) 269-302.
Adams, John Paul, "Topeiros Thraciae, the Via Egnatia, and the Boundaries of Macedonia," Ancient Macedonia Papers of the IV. International Symposium on Ancient Macedonia, 1983 (Thessaloniki 1986) 17-42.
Adams, John Paul, "Trajan and Macedonian Highways," Ancient Macedonia. Papers of the Fifth International Symposium Volume I (Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies 1993) 29-39.
Adams, John Paul, "Communications in Southeastern Thrace in the Roman Period," Actes. 2^e Symposium international des Etudes Thraciennes (Komotini 1997), 135-145.
Griffiths, W. B. & A. T. Croom (edd.), Re-enactment as Research (Proceedings from the 12th International Roman Military Equipment Conference, South Shields, 1999) (2002) [Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies, 11]
Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, militaria (Bill Thayer, Lacus Curtius)
VIAE ROMANAE: A Bibliography (J. P. Adams)
THE ROMAN IMPERIAL CULT: A bibliography (J. P. Adams)
Roman Sites (Bill Thayer)

visitors since October 12, 2001.

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John Paul Adams, CSUN
john.p.adams@csun.edu