1.
Figure 13.34(1) Differential Retinotectal Adhesion Is
Guided by Gradients
of Eph Receptors and their Ligands see MBoC pg 1232- Fig 21-100,21-102, 21-98
2.
Figure 13.33 Differential Repulsion of Temporal
Retinal Ganglion
Axons on Tectal Membranes
3.
PATTERN GENERATION P.444
Specificity unfolds in three steps:
1. Pathway selection –axons travel along a route that leads them to an organ
Growth cone effects due to adhesion or repulsion with retraction-laminin,
semaphorin, Ephrin In retina. cells near each other send growth cones in a
group to optic nerve tract in choroid fissure and are held together by NCAMs,
cross or not but migrate to tectum
2. Target selection after
reaching target- recognize a new target of a set of cells with which to make
stable connections.
Neurotrophins like NGF
attract sensory neurons
Optic nerves now find no
laminin, encounter ephrin
3. Address selection- axon binds to one or a small subset of targets
Forming the synapse-neuromuscular with laminin and N-cadherin. After formed,
prevent others. Then Schwann cells ensheath axon.
Neurotrophic factors are necessary to keep the cells alive-NGF for sensory and
sympathetic
4.
Axon guidance
5.
Figure 13.28(1) Differentiation of a Motor Neuron Synapse
with a Muscle see pg 1109 MBoC agrin
6.
Figure 13.28(2) Differentiation of a Motor Neuron Synapse
with a Muscle
7.
Figure 13.28(3) Differentiation of a Motor Neuron Synapse
with a Muscle
8.
Figure 13.5(3) Segmental Restriction of Neural Crest
Cells and Motor Neurons by the Ephrin Proteins of the Sclerotome
9.
Structure of a gene
Control proteins made from other genes can bind in this
control region and either activate or repress the gene
10.
Structure of a gene
11.
Special proteins can bind
to DNA if it is not tightly wound into a condensed chromosome.
Once proteins bind to the DNA they distort it and form loops.
This either enables the RNA polymerase to start making RNA along the DNA or it
inhibits it.
12.
Fig 6-16 General
transcription factors
13.
Energy requirements
14.
Fig 6-19 transcription
activators
15.
enhancers
16.
7-57 activators modify
DNA structure
17.
Fig 7-52 gene regulatory
proteins localization
18.
Fig 7-53 SEVEN STRIPES OF
EVE protein staining with antibodies
19.
7-54 stripe 2 from
reporter gene with beta-galactosidase (lacZ)
20.
7-55
Combinatorialncontrol-ACTIVATORS BELOW LINE-found using DNA footprinting
21.
7-56 if giant or kruppel
are missing, gene expresion expands
22.
Figure 9.23 Specific Promoter Regions of the even-skipped
(eve) Gene Control Specific Transcription Bands in the Embryo
23.
Figure 9.24(1) Hypothesis for the formation of the
Second Stripe of Transcription
from the even-skipped Gene
24.
Fly gene control
25.
Examples of levels
26.
Levels of pattern
27.
Figure 9.26(1) Model for the Transcription of the
Segment Polarity Genes
engrailed and wingless (wg)
28.
Figure 9.26(2) Model for the Transcription of the
Segment Polarity Genes
engrailed (en) and wingless (wg)
29.
Figure 9.26(3) Model for the
Transcription of the Segment Polarity Genes
engrailed (en) and wingless (wg)
30.
Homeotic genes
31.
21-45
32.
21-46 reporter genes for
HOX
33.
Human gene control
34.
7-59 BETA-GLOBIN GENE CONTROL-
Gata only in RBC and may prevent binding of other proteins.
35.
Globin family Fig 7-60
36.
CRYSTALLINS EVOLVED
DIFFERENT CONTROL MECHANISMS
37.
Once gene regulatory
proteins are bound to the DNA,
they recruit remodeling complexes,
histone modifying enzymes,
general TF and RNA polymerase to the promoter
38.
Figure 47.21 Experimental demonstration of the importance
of cytoplasmic determinants in amphibians
39.
Fig 21-66
40.
Fig 21-71
41.
21-72 setting
dorsal-ventral
42.
21-72
43.
Figure 10.26 Events Hypothesized to Bring about the
Induction of the
Organizer in the Dorsal Mesoderm
44.
Figure 10.22(2) Summary of Experiments by Nieuwkoop and
by Nakamura and Takasaki, Showing Mesodermal Induction by Vegetal Endoderm
45.
Figure 10.25(1) Model of the Mechanism by which the
Disheveled Protein Stabilizes
b-catenin in the Dorsal Portion of the Amphibian Egg
46.
Figure 10.25(2) Model of the Mechanism by which the
Disheveled Protein Stabilizes
b-catenin in the Dorsal Portion of the Amphibian Egg
47.
Figure 10.27 Mesoderm Induction and Organizer
Formation by the Interaction of
b-catenin And TGF-b Proteins
48.
Expression
of patterning genes in frog
49.
Postranslational
modification can alter activity, diffusion rate, assembly
50.
Left-right asymmetry see
Fig 21-82
51.
Fig 21-32Toll allows
dorsal protein to go into ventral nuclei where it turns on twist so cells
become mesoderm in flies
52.
7-98 Localization of RNA
53.
7-99 3UTR OF MRNA HAS ZIP
CODE FOR LOCALIZATION
54.
FACTORS INVOLVED IN
SETTING AXES IN FROG
55.
Wnt- frizzeled