1. APOPTOSIS

2. TNF

3. TNF signaling pathway

4. Apoptosis diagram from Sigma

5. Programmed Cell Death

6.
17-38

7. Fig 17-39 Fas

8. APAF

9. PREVENT APOPTOSIS

10. Fig 25-44

11. CONNECTION OF INFLAMATION TO CANCER

12. Fig 17-36

13. Table 18.1 Gilbert

14. Figure 6.27 Gilbert Apoptosis Pathways in Nematodes and Mammals

15. Figure 6.28(1) Disruption of Normal Brain Development by Blocking Apoptosis

16. Figure 6.28(2) Disruption of Normal Brain Development by Blocking Apoptosis

17. 17-46 cell death is important in the NS

18. Fig 17-37

19. Platelet-17-40

20. 17-41

21. Myc-Fig 17-41

22. The increased Ca++ activated many enzymes to break stuff down- nucleases, protease, phosphatase- calcineurin in high Ca++ and low serum induces apop because it dephos BCL family BAD so it promotes caspase. Growth factors do opposite- cause kinases to phos BAD, block apop.

23. Cyt c in cyto plasm makes apoptosome- has apoptosis protease activating factor-APAF1, the cyt receptor for cyt c, dATP/ATP, procaspase=9. Oligomerization of APAF-1 by dATP or ATP attaches procaspase-9 converts to caspase-9, goes everywhere doing damage.
 Sphingomyelinase is activated by TNF- ceramide may control transcription factors.
 Get proteolytic modif of cytoskeleton- fodrin, actin, vimentin
a.       DNA repair enzymes, DNA dependent protein kinase
b.      Lamins, histones
 Get surface signals to phagocytose cells. PS in internal leaflet normally, outside in apop and lymphocytes recog.
17-42

24. 17-43-replicative cell senescence- cancer cells can produce telomerase

25. 17-44

26. 17-45

27. 17-47

28. 17-48

29. BMP

30. EGF

31. MAPK-Mitogen

32. P53 pathway

33. TGF-beta

34. Figure 18.35(1) Gilbert Proposed Mechanism for Extending the Life Span of C. elegans
Through the Insulin Signaling Pathway

35. Figure 18.35(2) Proposed Mechanism for Extending the Life Span of C. elegans
Through the Insulin Signaling Pathway